Knowledge about computer software and hardware maintenance in cainiao Manual

Computers, as one of our daily equipment, once such a fault occurs, it can be imagined that the troubles we encounter, especially some cainiao friends, will be helpless in the event of a fault, the ongoing work on hand cannot be completed on time. I am confused and afraid to break the hardware and equipment, and the maintenance must bear economic losses. In fact, we don't have to worry so much. When a computer encounters a problem, it often suffers from some minor faults. learning some simple hardware and software maintenance knowledge is very helpful for us to control the computer. Next, let's briefly talk about the computer maintenance tips that need to be paid attention to in daily life.

Computer maintenance is divided into two parts: hardware maintenance and software maintenance. hardware maintenance mainly refers to the maintenance of the computer motherboard, graphics card, processor, hard disk, display and other hardware equipment. Software maintenance refers to the maintenance of system software and application software on the machine after the machine is assembled.

The first is the hardware part. Computers have many faults and are very complicated in the hardware part. For example, we see the black screen phenomenon on a daily basis, no display at startup, and frequent crashes, IDE port and USB port malfunction. The display color is abnormal. The display is jittery or flushed. The hard disk cannot be read or written. The system cannot be started. The hard disk has bad sectors ..... too many, these phenomena are actually caused by hardware faults. As long as we carefully analyze and find out the cause of the fault, common users who are ignorant of computers may become DIY masters, the following describes the methods to be followed when a hardware fault occurs:

1. Peripherals first and then the host.

As faults on peripherals are easy to detect and eliminate, we first check the mouse, keyboard, display, and other external devices and work conditions based on the system error message. After the exclusion is completed, consider the complex host section.

2. Power supply first and then parts.

The power supply is easily ignored by users. Generally, the power supply is insufficient, and the output current is abnormal, which may easily lead to some faults, most of the time, the reason why the motherboard, video card, and hard disk can't be found is unknown.

3. simple and complex.

In the case of a computer failure, first check from the simplest cause. In many cases, the fault is caused by loose data lines, excessive dust, and poor contact with plug-in cards. After testing the simple method, consider whether the hardware is damaged.
In daily troubleshooting, you can use the following methods:

1. Replacement of plugging.

The plugging replacement method is the oldest and most primitive method, and also the most direct method. Many hardware engineers still use this method to eliminate computer faults. The plugging replacement method is very simple. First, according to the problems on the computer, we roughly suspect what the problem is, such as on the computer's display, on the graphics card, on the hard disk, and on the keyboard ...., remove the suspect object and install it on another good computer. If the other computer cannot work, you can directly know that the object is faulty. If there is no problem, continue to doubt and replace it, and the problem object will be found.

2. Direct observation.

The direct observation method is to determine the hardware fault based on the BIOS alarm sound and boot self-check information. Troubleshoot Faults Based on various sounds and instructions. For example, when a hard disk has a problem during self-check, you can check whether the data cable and power cord on the hard disk are loose. When a problem occurs, check the display card, video card, and VGA interface to erase the dust and check whether the interface has a broken needle.

3. Use specialized diagnostic software for testing.

Diagnostic software is a specialized hardware fault detection tool that helps you quickly identify the cause of the fault. For example, Norton Tools (Norton Toolkit ). The diagnostic software not only checks the running status of all components (such as CPU, memory, motherboard, and hard disk) in the entire system, but also checks the stability and working ability of the entire system. If any problem is found, detailed reports are provided to help us find the cause of the fault and troubleshoot the fault.

4. Minimal system check.

The principle of minimal system check is similar to the replacement method of plugging. The minimum system is used for diagnosis one by one. For example, only the CPU, memory, video card, and motherboard are installed. If the device cannot work properly after it is started, use the plugging replacement method for the four parts. If it works properly, connect to the hard disk. Connect the monitor. And so on until the fault is identified.

The specific faults and troubleshooting methods on the hardware are not clear in one sentence. If you want to become a DIY expert, you can go to the market to buy a special book or go online to view comments from netizens. There is a detailed introduction on it.

Software is mainly divided into two parts: system software and application software. When users use system software, such as XP/2000 systems, there will be a lot of junk files in the system for a long time. If it is light, it takes up system space. If it is heavy, it hinders daily system operation, slowing down the system, and even making the system unable to work. While many application software are installed, there will be inexplicable system conflicts in the system, some normal functions are permanent and abnormal, which are inevitable.

Generally, software problems can be classified into the following categories:

1. faults caused by incompatibility between the software and the system. The software version is incompatible with the running environment configuration, resulting in unavailability, system crashes, and some files being modified and lost.

2. faults generated by software conflicts. Conflicts between the operating environments, access areas, and work addresses of two or more types of software and programs lead to faults such as system work disorder and file loss.

3. faults caused by misoperations. Misoperations can be divided into command misoperations and software program misoperations. You have executed commands that should not be used and selected the operations that should not be used, some destructive programs, incorrect or incompatible diagnostic programs, disk operating programs, performance testing programs, etc. are run to cause file loss and disk formatting.

4. computer viruses. Computer viruses can greatly interfere with and affect computer usage, damage data and information stored in the computer, or even completely lose it, and infect other computers. Most computer viruses can be hidden as long as a time bomb.

5. faults caused by incorrect system configurations. System Configuration faults are divided into three types: Basic CMOS chip configuration for system startup and system command configuration for System Boot Process configuration. If the parameters and settings of these configurations are incorrect or are not set, the computer may not work or cause operation faults. Computer soft faults can generally be recovered, but in some cases some software faults can also be converted into hardware faults.

In the daily use process, I summarize my daily maintenance knowledge of computer software, and briefly talk about how a common consumer can learn to maintain his computer software, so as to make the computer frequently used.

1. Learn to install the system and use ghost.

In the computer, a lot of things cannot work, and the speed slows down. As long as it is a software fault, the most effective way is to reinstall the system. As long as the system is installed and the application software is installed, there is a brand new computer in front of it. However, before reinstalling the system, remember to back up the personal data in the computer system disk and prepare the application software that needs to be installed after the system is installed. However, you cannot afford to install the system for that long. You can learn about ghost. When your computer is installed, you can use the ghost Software to back up it once. When problems occur in the system, it takes just a few minutes to use the ghost software to make your computer the same as before.

2. Learn to prevent viruses.

Viruses uploaded by QQ and those transmitted in emails can easily attack your computer and make it unavailable. Learning Anti-Virus is a major purpose of routine maintenance of computer software. Generally, even if you have a hardware firewall, you need to install anti-virus tools such as Norton and rising star. The anti-virus software is upgraded at intervals to be vigilant against the new virus, so that the computer can run securely in the network environment.

3. Learn how to handle crashes.

Many of my friends have crashed and press the power key to perform cold start. This will cause serious damage to the computer for a long time. In fact, there are many types of crashes, sometimes caused by system operation conflicts. In more cases, it is due to the saturation of the processor and memory running, and it is still caused by sending commands to it, in this case, the crash is not a real crash. Sometimes we just feel that we cannot switch to a new command, and the mouse can still move normally on the screen. In this case, don't rush to press the POWER key, just wait. The principle of dealing with crashes is: crashes are a normal phenomenon, and frequent crashes are an abnormal phenomenon.

Of course, there are many troubleshooting and maintenance methods for software and hardware on the computer. This article aims to discuss and summarize some common maintenance knowledge. The specific problems still need to be analyzed in detail, this article does not specifically teach you how to check for specific faults on the computer, such as how to troubleshoot the black screen phenomenon and how to re-system, I believe these methods are not described in a few simple words. However, as long as you follow the general requirements mentioned above, don't be alarmed when you encounter a computer fault. I believe you will also go from the first cainiao to the computer doctor.