Linux Common Command Complete (ultra-comprehensive) _linux shell

System Information

Processor architecture for arch display machines (1)
UNAME-M processor architecture for display machines (2)
UNAME-R Displays the kernel version being used
DMIDECODE-Q display hardware system parts-(SMBIOS/DMI)
Hdparm-i/dev/hda lists the architectural features of a disk
HDPARM-TT/DEV/SDA perform a test read operation on disk
Cat/proc/cpuinfo display information about CPU info
Cat/proc/interrupts Show interrupts
Cat/proc/meminfo Check Memory usage
Cat/proc/swaps shows which swap is used
Cat/proc/version Displays the kernel version
Cat/proc/net/dev Display network adapters and statistics
Cat/proc/mounts Displays the loaded file system
LSPCI-TV List PCI Devices
LSUSB-TV Display USB Device
Date Displays system dates
Cal 2007 Displays the calendar for 2007 years
Date 041217002007.00 sets the day and time-month and year. seconds
Clock-w saves time changes to the BIOS

Shutdown (System shutdown, reboot, and logout)

Shutdown-h now Shutdown system (1)
Init 0 Shutdown System (2)
Telinit 0 Shutdown System (3)
Shutdown-h hours:minutes & Shut down system at scheduled time
Shutdown-c Cancel system shutdown at scheduled time
Shutdown-r now reboot (1)
Reboot reboot (2)
Logout logoff

Files and directories

Cd/home into '/home ' directory '
Cd.. Return to the previous level of the directory
Cd.. /.. Back to Level two directory
CD goes to personal home directory
CD ~user1 into a personal home directory
CD-Back to the last directory
PWD Display work path
LS View the files in the directory
Ls-f view files in a directory
Ls-l display details of files and directories
Ls-a Show hidden files
LS *[0-9]* Displays the file name and directory name that contains the number
Tree shows the roots of the file and directory by the root directory (1)
Lstree display file and directory tree structure starting from root directory (2)
mkdir dir1 Create a directory called ' Dir1 '
mkdir dir1 DIR2 Create two directories at the same time
Mkdir-p/tmp/dir1/dir2 Create a directory tree
Rm-f file1 Delete a file called ' File1 '
RmDir dir1 Delete a directory called ' Dir1 '
RM-RF Dir1 Deletes a directory called ' Dir1 ' and deletes its contents at the same time
RM-RF dir1 DIR2 Delete two directories and their contents at the same time
MV Dir1 new_dir rename/move a directory
CP file1 file2 Copy a file
CP dir/*. Copy all files in one directory to the current working directory
Cp-a/tmp/dir1. Copy a directory to the current working directory
Cp-a dir1 dir2 Copy a directory
Ln-s file1 lnk1 Create a soft link to a file or directory
ln file1 lnk1 Create a physical link to a file or directory
Touch-t 0712250000 File1 Modify the timestamp of a file or directory-(YYMMDDHHMM)
File File1 outputs the MIME type of the file as text
Iconv-l List of known encodings
Iconv-f fromencoding-t toencoding inputfile > OutputFile creates a new from the given input file by assuming it is en Coded in fromencoding and converting it to toencoding.
Find. -maxdepth 1-name *.jpg-print-exec Convert "{}"-resize 80x60 "thumbs/{}" \; Batch resize files in the current directory and send them to a thumbnails directory (requires convert from Imagemagick)

File Search

Find/-name file1 from '/' into root file system search files and directories
Find/-user User1 search for files and directories belonging to the user ' User1 '
Find/home/user1-name \*.bin searches the directory '/Home/user1 ' for files with '. Bin ' End
Find/usr/bin-type f-atime +100 searches for executable files that have not been used in the last 100 days
Find/usr/bin-type f-mtime-10 search for files that were created or modified within 10 days
Find/-name \*.rpm-exec chmod 755 ' {} ' \; Search for files ending with '. RPM ' and define their permissions
Find/-xdev-name \*.rpm search for files ending with '. RPM ', ignoring removable devices such as optical drive, Czech disk, etc.
Locate \*.ps looking for files ending with '. ps '-run the ' updatedb ' command first
Whereis Halt Displays the location of a binary file, source code, or man
Which halt displays the full path of a binary file or executable file

mount a file system

MOUNT/DEV/HDA2/MNT/HDA2 mount a disk called Hda2-determine directory '/mnt/hda2 ' already exists
Umount/dev/hda2 Uninstall a disk called Hda2-first from Mount point '/mnt/hda2 ' exit
Fuser-km/mnt/hda2 Force Uninstall when the device is busy
Umount-n/mnt/hda2 Run the uninstall operation without writing to the/etc/mtab file-useful when the file is read-only or when the disk is full
Mount/dev/fd0/mnt/floppy mount a floppy disk
Mount/dev/cdrom/mnt/cdrom mount a CDROM or dvdrom
Mount/dev/hdc/mnt/cdrecorder mount a CDRW or dvdrom
Mount/dev/hdb/mnt/cdrecorder mount a CDRW or dvdrom
Mount-o Loop File.iso/mnt/cdrom mount a file or ISO image file
Mount-t vfat/dev/hda5/mnt/hda5 mount a Windows FAT32 file system
Mount/dev/sda1/mnt/usbdisk mount a USB Czech disk or flash device
Mount-t Smbfs-o username=user,password=pass//winclient/share/mnt/share mount a Windows network share

Disk space

DF-H Displays the list of partitions that have been mounted
LS-LSR |more arrange files and directories in size
Du-sh Dir1 estimates the directory ' Dir1 ' already used disk space '
Du-sk * | SORT-RN displays the size of files and directories in turn based on capacity size
Rpm-q-a--qf '%10{size}t%{name}n ' | SORT-K1,1N Displays the space used by the installed RPM package in order of size (Fedora, Redhat class System)
Dpkg-query-w-f= ' ${installed-size;10}t${package}n ' | SORT-K1,1N Displays the space used by the installed Deb package based on size (Ubuntu, Debian System)

Users and Groups

Groupadd group_name Create a new user group
Groupdel group_name Delete a user group
Groupmod-n new_group_name old_group_name Rename a user group
Useradd-c "Name Surname"-G admin-d/home/user1-s/bin/bash user1 create a user who belongs to the "admin" user group
Useradd User1 create a new user
Userdel-r User1 Delete a user (' R ' Exclude home directory)
Usermod-c the "User FTP"-G system-d/ftp/user1-s/bin/nologin user1 Modify user Properties
passwd Modify Password
passwd user1 modifies a user's password (only root execution is allowed)
Chage-e 2005-12-31 User1 set expiration period for user password
PWCK check the '/etc/passwd ' file format and syntax corrections as well as the existence of the user
GRPCK check the '/etc/passwd ' file format and syntax corrections as well as the existing group
NEWGRP group_name Log into a new group to change the default group of newly created files

Permissions for files-use ' + ' to set permissions, use '-' to cancel

LS-LH Display Permissions
ls/tmp | Pr-t5-w$columns divides the terminal into 5 columns to display
chmod ugo+rwx Directory1 Sets the owner (U), Group (g), and others (O) of the directory to read (R), write (w), and execute (x) permissions
chmod go-rwx directory1 Delete Group (g) Read and write permissions to the directory with others (O)
Chown user1 file1 Change the owner attribute of a file
Chown-r User1 Directory1 Changes the owner attribute of a directory and simultaneously changes the attributes of all files under the modified directory
CHGRP group1 file1 Change the file group
Chown user1:group1 File1 Change the owner and group attributes of a file
Find/-perm-u+s lists all files in a system that use SUID control
chmod U+s/bin/file1 sets the SUID bit of a binary file-the user who runs the file is also given the same permissions as the owner
chmod u-s/bin/file1 Disables the suid bit of a binary file
chmod G+s/home/public Set the Sgid bit of a directory-similar to suid, but this is for directory
chmod g-s/home/public Disables the SGID bit of a directory
chmod O+t/home/public Set the Stiky bit of a file-allows only legitimate owners to delete files
chmod o-t/home/public Disables the stiky bit of a directory

Special properties for files-use "+" to set permissions, use "-" to cancel

Chattr +a File1 only allowed to read and write files in append mode
Chattr +c File1 allows this file to be automatically compressed/decompressed by the kernel
Chattr +d file1 The DUMP program ignores this file when making a file system backup
Chattr +i File1 is set to immutable files and cannot be deleted, modified, renamed, or linked
Chattr +s File1 allows a file to be safely deleted
Chattr +s File1 Once the application writes to the file, the system immediately writes the resulting changes to the disk
Chattr +u File1 If the file is deleted, the system will allow you to recover the deleted file later.
Lsattr Display Special Properties

Packaging and compressing files

Bunzip2 file1.bz2 Unzip a file called ' file1.bz2 '
bzip2 file1 compress a file called ' file1 '
gunzip file1.gz extract a file called ' file1.gz ' br> gzip File1 compresses a file called ' file1 '
gzip-9 file1 maximum compression
rar A File1.rar test_file create a package called ' File1.rar '
rar A File1.rar file1 file2 dir1 simultaneous compression of ' file1 ', ' file2 ' and directory ' Dir1 '
rar x file1.rar decompression rar package
Unrar x file1.rar decompression rar packet TAR-CVF Archive.tar file1 Create a uncompressed tarball
TAR-CVF archive.tar file1 file2 The Dir1 create a ' file1 ', ' file2 ' and ' dir ' 1 ' profile
TAR-TF archive.tar display contents of a package
TAR-XVF Archive.tar free a package
TAR-XVF ARCHIVE.TAR-C/tmp to release the compressed package to/TMP Record
TAR-CVFJ archive.tar.bz2 dir1 Create a compressed package in BZIP2 format
TAR-XVFJ archive.tar.bz2 unzip a compressed package in a bzip2 format
TAR-CVFZ Archi ve.tar.gz Dir1 Create a gzip-formatted compressed package
TAR-XVFZ archive.tar.gz Extract a gzip-formatted compressed package
Zip file1.zip file1 Create a zip-formatted compressed package
Zip -R file1.zip file1 file2 Dir1 compresses several files and directories into a zip-formatted compression package
Unzip File1.zip unzip a zip-formatted compressed package

RPM Package-(Fedora, Redhat and similar systems)

RPM-IVH package.rpm Install an RPM package
RPM-IVH--nodeeps package.rpm Install an RPM package and ignore dependency warnings
Rpm-u package.rpm Update an RPM package without changing its profile
Rpm-f package.rpm Update a set of RPM packages that have been installed
Rpm-e package_name.rpm Delete an RPM package
RPM-QA displays all the installed RPM packages in the system
Rpm-qa | grep httpd shows the RPM package with the words "httpd" in all names
Rpm-qi Package_name get special information for an installed package
RPM-QG "System environment/daemons" shows the RPM package for a component
RPM-QL Package_name displays a list of files provided by an already installed RPM package
RPM-QC Package_name Displays a list of profiles provided by an already installed RPM package
Rpm-q package_name--whatrequires shows a list of dependencies with an RPM package
Rpm-q package_name--whatprovides shows the volume of an RPM package
Rpm-q package_name--scripts Displays the scripts executed during installation/deletion L
Rpm-q package_name--changelog shows a modified history of an RPM package
rpm-qf/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf confirm which RPM package the given file is provided
RPM-QP package.rpm-l displays a list of files provided by an not-yet-installed RPM package
RPM--import/media/cdrom/rpm-gpg-key Import Public key digital certificate
RPM--checksig package.rpm confirm the integrity of an RPM package
RPM-QA Gpg-pubkey confirm the integrity of all the RPM packages that have been installed
Rpm-v package_name Check file size, license, type, owner, group, MD5 check, and last modified time
Rpm-va Check all installed RPM packages in the system-use with care
RPM-VP package.rpm confirm that an RPM package has not yet been installed
Rpm2cpio package.rpm | Cpio--extract--make-directories *bin* Run executable file from an RPM package
rpm-ivh/usr/src/redhat/rpms/' Arch '/package.rpm installs a built package from one RPM source
Rpmbuild--rebuild package_name.src.rpm builds an RPM package from one RPM source

YUM Package Upgrades-(Fedora, Redhat and similar systems)

Yum install package_name download and install an RPM package
Yum Localinstall package_name.rpm will install an RPM package and use your own software warehouse to resolve all dependencies for you
Yum Update package_name.rpm updates all installed RPM packages in the current system
Yum Update package_name updates an RPM package
Yum Remove package_name Delete an RPM package
Yum list lists all packages installed in the current system
Yum Search package_name a software package in the RPM warehouse
Yum Clean packages clear RPM Cache Delete downloaded package
Yum Clean headers Delete all header files
Yum Clean all delete all cached packages and header files

DEB bags (Debian, Ubuntu, and similar systems)

Dpkg-i package.deb Install/update a Deb pack
Dpkg-r package_name Remove a deb package from the system
DPKG-L display all installed Deb packs in the system
Dpkg-l | grep httpd Displays the Deb package with the words "httpd" in all names
Dpkg-s Package_name obtain information that is already installed in a special package in the system
Dpkg-l Package_name displays a list of files provided by a Deb package that is already installed in the system
Dpkg--contents Package.deb Displays a list of files provided by a package that has not yet been installed
Dpkg-s/bin/ping confirm which Deb package the given file is provided

APT software tools (Debian, Ubuntu, and similar systems)

Apt-get Install package_name Install/update a deb bag
Apt-cdrom Install package_name Install/update a deb package from CD
Packages in the Apt-get update upgrade list
Apt-get Upgrade upgrade all installed software
Apt-get Remove Package_name Removes a Deb package from the system
Apt-get check confirms that the dependent software warehouse is correct
Apt-get clean cleans the cache from the downloaded package
Apt-cache Search Searched-package Returns the name of the package that contains the string you want to search

View File Contents

Cat file1 to view the contents of a file from the first byte
TAC File1 to view the contents of a file in reverse from the last line
More File1 View the contents of a long file
The less file1 is similar to the ' more ' command, but it allows for the same reverse operation as a forward operation in a file
Head-2 File1 View the first two lines of a file
Tail-2 File1 View the last two lines of a file
Tail-f/var/log/messages Real-time viewing of content added to a file

Text Processing

Cat File1 file2 ... | Command <> File1_in.txt_or_file1_out.txt general syntax for text manipulation using PIPE, STDIN and STDOUT
Cat File1 | Command (SED, grep, awk, grep, etc ...) > Result.txt merges the detailed description text of a file and writes the profile to a new file
Cat File1 | Command (SED, grep, awk, grep, etc ...) >> Result.txt merges the detailed description text of a file and writes the profile to an existing file
grep aug/var/log/messages Find the keyword "Aug" in the file '/var/log/messages '
grep ^aug/var/log/messages find words starting with "Aug" in file '/var/log/messages '
grep [0-9]/var/log/messages Select all rows that contain numbers in the '/var/log/messages ' file
grep aug-r/var/log/* searches for the string "Aug" in the directory '/var/log ' and subsequent directories
Sed ' s/stringa1/stringa2/g ' example.txt replaces "string1" in Example.txt file with "string2"
Sed '/^$/d ' example.txt remove all blank lines from the Example.txt file
Sed '/*#/d; /^$/d ' Example.txt Remove all comments and blank lines from the Example.txt file
echo ' Esempio ' | TR ' [: Lower:] ' [: Upper:] ' merge contents of upper and lower cells
Sed-e ' 1d ' result.txt excludes the first line from the file Example.txt
Sed-n '/stringa1/p ' view lines that contain only the word "string1"
Sed-e ' s/*$//' example.txt deletes the last whitespace character of each line
Sed-e ' s/stringa1//g ' example.txt removes only the word "string1" from the document and retains all remaining
Sed-n ' 1,5p;5q ' example.txt view the contents from the first line to the 5th line
Sed-n ' 5p;5q ' example.txt view line 5th
Sed-e ' s/00*/0/g ' Example.txt replaces multiple zeros with a single 0
Cat-n file1 the number of lines marked with the file
Cat Example.txt | awk ' nr%2==1 ' deletes all even-numbered rows in the Example.txt file
echo a b C | awk ' {print} ' view the first column of a row
echo a b C | awk ' {print $1,$3} ' view the first and third columns of a row
Paste file1 file2 Merge two files or two columns of content
Paste-d ' + ' file1 file2 merge two files or two columns of content, the middle with "+" distinction
Sort File1 File2 The contents of two files
Sort File1 File2 | Uniq the collection of two files (duplicate rows keep only one copy)
Sort File1 File2 | Uniq-u Delete intersection, leaving other lines
Sort File1 File2 | Uniq-d Remove the intersection of two files (only files that exist in two files)
Comm-1 file1 file2 Compare the contents of the two files only to remove what is contained in ' File1 '
Comm-2 file1 file2 Compare the contents of the two files only to remove what is contained in ' File2 '
comm-3 file1 file2 Compare the contents of two files delete only the parts that are common to two files

Character settings and file format conversions

Dos2unix Filedos.txt Fileunix.txt Converts the format of a text file from Msdos to Unix
Unix2dos Fileunix.txt Filedos.txt Converts the format of a text file from UNIX to Msdos
Recode.. HTML < page.txt > page.html converts a text file to HTML
Recode-l | More shows all allowed conversion formats

File System Analysis

Badblocks-v/dev/hda1 Check for bad magnetic blocks on disk hda1
FSCK/DEV/HDA1 Repair/Check the integrity of the Linux file system on the HDA1 disk
FSCK.EXT2/DEV/HDA1 Repair/Check the integrity of the Ext2 file system on the HDA1 disk
E2FSCK/DEV/HDA1 Repair/Check the integrity of the Ext2 file system on the HDA1 disk
E2fsck-j/dev/hda1 Repair/Check the integrity of the Ext3 file system on the HDA1 disk
FSCK.EXT3/DEV/HDA1 Repair/Check the integrity of the Ext3 file system on the HDA1 disk
FSCK.VFAT/DEV/HDA1 Repair/Check the integrity of the FAT file system on the HDA1 disk
FSCK.MSDOS/DEV/HDA1 Repair/Check the integrity of the DOS file system on the HDA1 disk
DOSFSCK/DEV/HDA1 Repair/Check the integrity of the DOS file system on the HDA1 disk

Initializing a file system

MKFS/DEV/HDA1 Create a file system in the HDA1 partition
MKE2FS/DEV/HDA1 to create a Linux ext2 file system in the HDA1 partition
Mke2fs-j/dev/hda1 Create a Linux ext3 (log) file system on the HDA1 partition
Mkfs-t vfat 32-f/dev/hda1 Create a FAT32 file system
Fdformat-n/dev/fd0 format a floppy disk
MKSWAP/DEV/HDA3 Create a swap file system

Swap file system

MKSWAP/DEV/HDA3 Create a swap file system
Swapon/dev/hda3 enable a new swap file system
SWAPON/DEV/HDA2/DEV/HDB3 enable two swap partitions

Backup

Dump-0aj-f/tmp/home0.bak/home make a full backup of the '/home ' directory
Dump-1aj-f/tmp/home0.bak/home make an interactive backup of the '/home ' directory
Restore-if/tmp/home0.bak Restore an interactive backup
Rsync-rogpav--delete/home/tmp sync directories on both sides
Rsync-rogpav-e ssh--delete/home ip_address:/tmp via SSH channel rsync
RSYNC-AZ-E SSH--delete ip_addr:/home/public/home/local synchronizes a remote directory to a local directory via SSH and compression
RSYNC-AZ-E SSH--delete/home/local ip_addr:/home/public synchronizes local directories to remote directories via SSH and compression
DD bs=1m If=/dev/hda | gzip | SSH user@ip_addr ' dd of=hda.gz ' performs a backup of the local disk on the remote host via SSH
DD IF=/DEV/SDA of=/tmp/file1 Backup disk contents to a file
Tar-puf Backup.tar/home/user performs an interactive backup operation on the '/home/user ' directory
(cd/tmp/local/&& tar C.) | Ssh-c user@ip_addr ' cd/home/share/&& tar x-p ' replicate a directory content via SSH in a remote directory
(Tar c/home) | Ssh-c user@ip_addr ' cd/home/backup-home && tar x-p ' replicate a local directory in the remote directory via SSH
Tar CF-. | (Cd/tmp/backup tar XF-) copy a directory locally to another location, preserving existing permissions and links
Find/home/user1-name ' *.txt ' | Xargs Cp-av--target-directory=/home/backup/--parents to find and copy all files ending with ' txt ' to another directory from one directory
Find/var/log-name ' *.log ' | Tar CV--files-from=-| bzip2 > log.tar.bz2 Find all files ending with '. Log ' and make a bzip package
DD If=/dev/hda of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1 do an action to copy the contents of the MBR (Master Boot record) to a floppy disk
DD if=/dev/fd0 of=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1 recover MBR content from a backup that has been saved to a floppy disk

Disc

Cdrecord-v gracetime=2 dev=/dev/cdrom-eject Blank=fast-force Clear the contents of a reproducible CD
Mkisofs/dev/cdrom > Cd.iso Create a CD-ROM ISO image file on disk
Mkisofs/dev/cdrom | Gzip > cd_iso.gz Create a compressed CD-ROM ISO image file on disk
Mkisofs-j-allow-leading-dots-r-V "Label CD"-iso-level 4-o./cd.iso data_cd Create an ISO image file for a directory
Cdrecord-v dev=/dev/cdrom cd.iso Burn an ISO image file
GZIP-DC cd_iso.gz | Cdrecord Dev=/dev/cdrom-Burn a compressed ISO image file
Mount-o Loop Cd.iso/mnt/iso mount an ISO image file
Cd-paranoia-b from a CD-ROM to a WAV file
Cd-paranoia-"-3" from a CD CD to the audio track to the WAV file (parameter-3)
Cdrecord--scanbus Scan bus to identify SCSI channel
DD IF=/DEV/HDC | Md5sum verifies the md5sum encoding of a device, such as a CD

Network-(Ethernet and WiFi wireless)

Ifconfig eth0 shows the configuration of an Ethernet card
Ifup eth0 enable a ' eth0 ' network device
Ifdown eth0 disables a ' eth0 ' network device
Ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 control IP Address
Ifconfig eth0 promisc set ' eth0 ' into promiscuous mode to sniff packets (sniffing)
Dhclient eth0 enable ' eth0 ' in DHCP mode
Route-n Show routing Table
Route add-net 0/0 GW ip_gateway Configura default Gateway
Route add-net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 GW 192.168.1.1 Configure static route to reach network ' 192.168.0.0/16 '
Route del 0/0 GW ip_gateway remove static route
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward activate IP routing
Hostname show hostname of system
Host www.example.com lookup hostname to resolve name to IP address and viceversa (1)
nslookup www.example.com lookup hostname To resolve name to IP address and viceversa (2)
IP link Show Show link status, all interfaces
Mii-tool eth0 Show link status of ' eth0 '
Ethtool eth0 Show statistics of network card ' eth0 '
Netstat-tup Show all active network connections and their PID
NETSTAT-TUPL Show all network services listening on the system and their PID
Tcpdump TCP port Show all HTTP traffic
Iwlist Scan Show Wireless networks
Iwconfig eth1 Show configuration of a wireless network card
Hostname show hostname
Host www.example.com lookup hostname to resolve name to IP address and viceversa
nslookup www.example.com lookup hostname To resolve name to IP address and viceversa
Whois www.example.com lookup on Whois database

Go top INDEX ^
Microsoft Windows Networks (SAMBA)
Nbtscan ip_addr NetBIOS Name Resolution
NMBLOOKUP-A ip_addr NetBIOS Name Resolution
Smbclient-l ip_addr/hostname Show remote shares of a Windows host
SMBGET-RR smb://ip_addr/share like wget can download files from a host Windows via SMB
Mount-t Smbfs-o username=user,password=pass//winclient/share/mnt/share mount a Windows network share

The above mentioned is a small series of Linux commonly used to introduce the complete set of commands (Super Comprehensive), I hope to help you, if you have any questions please give me a message, small series will promptly reply to everyone. Here also thank you very much for the cloud Habitat Community website support!