Linux Common commands

first, the Directory Processing command:1, LS

Command name: LS

Command English original meaning:list

directory where the command is located:/bin/ls

Function Description: Display directory file

Syntax: LS [-ald] [file directory]

　　　　-A (all) displays all files , including hidden files (the Linux hidden file settings are implemented by changing the name, and the name is prepended.)

　　　　-L (long) details display

　　　　-D View Directory properties (general and L use together)

-H User-friendly view ( general and L use together )

2, mkdir

Command name: mkdir

Command English original:make directories

directory where the command is located:/bin/ls

Function Description: Create a new directory

Syntax: mkdir [recursive p] [directory name]

　　-P Recursive Creation (if directory is created, you need to use-p)

3. cd

Command name: CD

Command English original meaning:change Directory

directory where the command is located:/BIN/CD

Function Description: Switch directory

Syntax: CD [directory name]

CD: Go back to the top level directory

4. pwd

Command name: pwd

Command English original meaning:print workding directory

directory where the command is located:/bin/pwd

Function Description: Displays the current directory path

Syntax: pwd

5, RmDir

Command name: rmdir

Command English original meaning:remove emtry directories

directory where the command is located:/bin/rmdir

Function Description: Delete Empty directory (if there is a file in the directory, is not deleted, so is to delete empty directory)

Syntax: RmDir file

6. CP

Command name: CP

Command English original:copy

directory where the command is located:/BIN/CP

Function Description: Copy files or directories

Syntax: cp-rp[original file or directory [target directory]

-R Copy Directory

-P Keep files or directories

7, MV

Command name: MV

Command English original meaning:movE

directory where the command is located:/BIN/MV

Function Description: Cut file, rename

Syntax: MV [original file or directory] [target directory]

8, RM

Command name: RM

Command English original meaning:remove

directory where the command is located:/bin/rm

Function Description: Delete file or directory

Syntax: MV [file or directory]

-R Delete Directory

-F Enforcement (regardless of the deleted directory thousands of files will be deleted at once, without prompting)

Second, the file Processing command: 1, touch

Command name: Touch

directory where the command is located:/bin/touch

Function Description: Create an empty file

Syntax: touch [filename]

Do not use spaces when creating files, if you want to use a space, you can use the ""

2. Cat

Command name: Cat

directory where the command is located:/bin/cat

Function Description: Display file contents

Syntax: cat [filename]

-N Display Line number

Suitable for viewing files with little content

3, more

Command name: more

directory where the command is located:/bin/more

Function Description: Pagination display content

Syntax: more [filename]

(space) or F page

(carriage return) line break

(q or Q) exit

Good for viewing files with more content, but once the page turns over, you can't page up.

4. Less

Command name: Less

directory where the command is located:/user/bin/less

Function Description: Pagination display content (can page up)

Syntax: less [filename]

It is suitable for viewing files with more content, and can support paging up in addition to all features of more.

5. Head

Command name: Head

directory where the command is located:/user/bin/head

Function Description: Displays the first few lines of the file

Syntax: head [filename]

-N Specify line number

6, tail

Command name: Tail

directory where the command is located:/user/bin/tail

Function Description: Displays the end of the file a few lines

Syntax: tail [file name]

-N Specify line number

7, Ln

Command name: LN

Command English original:link

directory where the command is located:/BIN/LN

Function Description: Generate link file

Syntax: ln-s [filename] [target file]

-S Create soft links

The difference between a hard link and a soft link (-s):

A hard link must be under the same partition and cannot be used for a directory, and a soft link has no relationship. A soft link is actually a shortcut to Windows.

Third, the Rights Management command: 1, chmod

Command name: chmod

Command English original:change the permissions mode of a file

directory where the command is located:/bin/chmod

Function Description: Change file or directory permissions

Syntax: chmod [{ugoa}{+-=}{rwx}] [filename] [destination file]

[mode=421] [File or directory]

-R Recursive modification

The number of permissions means: R (4), W (2), X (1), so we can also use numbers to represent permissions

2, Chown

Command name: Chown

Command English original meaning:change file ownership

directory where the command is located:/bin/chown

Function Description: Change the owner of a file or directory

Syntax: chmod [user] [file or directory]

Example: Chown hzg110 Japan changes the owner of a file for Japan hzg110

3, Chgrp

Command name: CHGRP

Command English original meaning:change file grouP ownership

directory where the command is located:/bin/chmod

Function Description: Change the owning group of a file or directory

Syntax: chgrp [user Group] [file or directory]

Example: CHGRP mygroup Japan change file Japan's owning group is MyGroup

Iv. File Search command: 1, find

Command name: Find

Command English original meaning: find

directory where the command is located:/bin/find

Function Description: File search

Syntax: Find [search scope] [match condition]

Example: Find/opt-name tomcat* (Find a file or directory with a name that starts with Tomcat under the opt file)

-iname: Not case-sensitive, * on behalf of all,? Represents a

Example two: find/opt/-name tomcat*-a-type D (-A for and is two conditions are satisfied with the-O representative satisfies any one can)

-type:f-Representative File D-Representative directory L-Soft link

2, locate

Command name: Locate

directory where the command is located:/user/bin/locate

Function Description: Search in a file vault

Syntax: Locate [match condition]

The difference between it and find: Locate is the search for the vault, find is real-time from the hard disk partition to go to a single search. The newly created file locate is not found.

To search for the file or directory you just created, use the UpdateDB command.

Example: Locate tomcat cannot use * or?

-I is case insensitive

3. grep

Command name: grep

directory where the command is located:/bin/grep

Function Description: Searches the file for string matching lines and outputs

Syntax: grep [Specify string] [file]

-I is case insensitive

-V excludes the specified string

Example one: Grep-i mysql/opt/tomcat/conf/123.conf (the row where the MySQL string is found in a 123.conf file is not case-sensitive)

Example two: Grep-v ^#/opt/tomcat/conf/123.conf (all lines in a 123.conf file except for lines that begin with #)

Iv. User Management commands: 1, Useradd

Command name: Useradd

directory where the command is located:/user/sbin/useradd

Function Description: Add new user

Syntax: Useradd user name

2, passwd

Command name: passwd

directory where the command is located:/user/sbin/passwd

Function Description: Modify user password

Syntax: passwd user name

3. Who

Command name: WHO

directory where the command is located:/user/bin/who

Function Description: View the logged in user's information

Syntax: WHO

PTS: Remote

4, W

Command name: w

directory where the command is located:/user/bin/w

Feature Description: View details of logged-in users

Syntax: w

Five, Compression decompression command: 1, gzip

Command name: gzip gunzip

directory where the command is located:/bin/gzip/bin/gunzip

Function Description: Compress the extracted files (cannot be directory)

Syntax: gzip files gunzip File

Do not retain the original file after compression

2. Tar

Command name: Tar

directory where the command is located:/bin/tar

Function Description: Package directory

Syntax: tar option [-zcf][compressed file name] [directory]

-C Packaging

-V Show More information

-F Specify File name

-Z Package simultaneous compression

File name suffix after compression:. tar.gz

Keep the original file after compression

Tar file decompression Syntax:

-X Unpack the package

-V Show More information

-F Specify File name

-Z Decompression

Example: TAR-ZXF cangjingkong.tar.gz

3, BZIP2

Command name: bzip2

directory where the command is located:/USER/BIN/BZIP2

Function Description: Compress file

Syntax: bzip2 options [-k][file]

-K retain original file after generating compressed file

Compressed file suffix:. bz2

Example: $bzip 2-k Boduo

$tar-CJF boduo.tar.bz2 Boduo

BZIP2 Decompression Syntax:

Command name: BUNZIP2

Example: $bunzip 2-k boduo.bz2

$tar-XJF boduo.tar.bz2

4. zip

Command name: Zip

directory where the command is located:/user/bin/zip

Function Description: Compress files or directories

Syntax: Zip option [-r][compressed file name] [directory]

-R Compression Directory

Compressed file suffix:. zip

Zip compression preserves the original file.

Vi. file Editing commands: 1, VIM

1. Vim file (enter preview mode)

2, press A, I, O can enter the editing mode

3. Press ESC to enter preview mode when finished editing.

4, press: Wq Save and exit or press: q! do not save exit

VII. Process Management Commands: 1, PS

The PS command is used to view the currently running process.

grep is a search

Example: Ps-ef | grep java

2. Kill

The KILL command is used to terminate the process

Example: kill-9 [PID]

-9 means the forced process stops immediately

Usually use PS to view the process PID, terminate the process with the KILL command

Eight, System shutdown command: 1, shutdown

Shutdown option Time

Options:

-C: Cancel the previous shutdown command

-H: Shutdown

-R: Restart

Linux Common commands