Linux Common commands

Common commands:

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Date Time Date +%y 2-bit m-month after year Y

BC Calculator scale=3 shows the 3 digits of the decimal point 2^5 2 of the 5-time Square

Cal Calendar Cal 2015 calendar Cal 4 2015 calendar of a month of the year

Historical History Command View!+ number Quick Reference command

Shutdown-r now restarts Init6

Shutdown-h now shuts down the machine init0

RunLevel look at the current level of operation

Vim/etc/inittab Modifying the default run level

Service Network restart Restart networking service

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Directory class commands

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CD into the catalog CD. Go to Parent Directory CD ~ Enter home directory

PWD See detailed path

ls Browse file-l details-a hidden file-D directory-H humanized-I node-1 only one file per line

mkdir Create a directory you can create multiple directories with a space-p recursive creation

Du statistics catalog File size-H human-A includes directory files-s only statistical parameter size

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File class commands

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CP Copy directory or file-R recursive-V procedure-I reminder-f force-p property unchanged

RM Delete-R recursive-F force-I reminder common-RF

MV Rename or cut

which to see where the command is located and list aliases

echo Print

Uname System Version number

Touch Create File

LN creates a connection-s original file hyperlink file Soft link

Do not add s for hard link feature 1 sync Update 2 like Copy 3 original file missing new file not full

4i node same 5 cannot span partition 6 not for directory

Find files and directories-name search by name to add * or? Wildcard characters-user genus of main-group group

-perm 777 According to the authority to find

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Output View Processing File command

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Cat is viewing the file contents-N Displays the first few lines

TAC Reverse View file contents-N

More view long file content Space page back to the next line on the next line quit quit

Less view long file contents Space page flip-flop Enter

Head view file Top N lines--first few rows

Tail viewing a file after n rows-a few lines

WC statistics-L rows-W number of words-c byte size

Grep finds the line in the file that displays the specified character-I ignores the case-V reverse ^# file that begins with the # sign

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Help commands

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Man view the usage of the command or view the role and format of the configuration file Q exit

--help view the basic usage of commands such as LS--help

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Archive Compression Command

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. tar.gz file TAR-ZXVF decompression-ZCVF compression followed by new name and directory

. tar.bz2 file TAR-JXVF decompression-JCVF compression followed by new name and directory

. zip file Zip file unzip unzip-R directory

. gz file gzip compression Gunzip uncompressed compression ratio very large only compressed files

. bz2 file bzip2 compression-K retain original file Unbzip2 extract

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Rights Management Commands

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Ls-l

What does the drwxr_xr_x mean? 755?

"_" File "D" directory "B" block device file "C" character device file "I" Link file

chmod modification of file permissions 7rwx 5r-x 3-wx 2-w-1--x-r recursion

Permissions for files

R Cat Read

W Vim Write

X execution

Permissions for the Directory

R LS List content

W Touch Create Delete file

X CD into the catalogue

Chown: Genus group/directory or file

Umask view current Value root user 0022 normal user 0002

Umask-s to view permissions for the default built files directory

Directory 777-umask=777-022=755 root Create directory

Directory 777-umask=777-002=775 Normal Create directory

File 666-umask=666-022=644 Root Create File

Directory 777-umask=777-002=664 normal file creation

Special permissions

Suid (commonly used) to file a master execution file chmod u+s

Sgid (red) files are executed in the genus group chmod g+s

Stlcky (blue) users who have W permissions on the directory can only delete files that they own cannot delete other users ' files chmod o+t

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Disk Management

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Fdisk-l Viewing hardware devices

FDISK/DEV/SDB partition tool ROOT to use

M help

p See partition information

N New

D Delete

T partition type swap=82 linux=83 raid=fd Logical Volume =8e

W Save exit

Q Do not save exit

Logical partitioning order for extended partitions

N new e extended partition NULL Enter n new l logical partition cylinder start +10g W save exit

formatting partitions

MKFS.EXT4/DEV/SDB5 formatted into EXT4 partition

{RAID 0}

Create 2 blocks of logical partitions of the same size as the/DEV/SDB5,SDB6 format for FD

#partprobe notification of the partition table there was an error, ignoring him.

#mdadm-C/dev/md0-ayes-l0-n2/dev/sdb{5..6} made md0 = RAID0

Mdadm:defaulting to version 1.2 metadata

Mdadm:array/dev/md0 started.

#mdadm-D/dev/md0 View md0

#mkfs-T ext4/dev/md0 formatting

#mount/dev/md0/Location Mount use

#vim/etc/fstab Edit boot automatically mount

DEV/MD0/RAID0 EXT4 Defaults 1 2

{RAID 1}

Create 2 blocks of logical partitions of the same size as the/DEV/SDB7,SDB8 format for FD

#partprobe notification of the partition table there was an error, ignoring him.

#mdadm-C/dev/md1-ayes-l1-n2/dev/sdb{7..8} made MD1 = RAID1

Mdadm:defaulting to version 1.2 metadata

Mdadm:array/dev/md0 started.

#mdadm-D/dev/md1 View MD1

#mkfs-T ext4/dev/md1 formatting

#mount/DEV/MD1/Location Mount use

#vim/etc/fstab Edit boot automatically mount

DEV/MD1/RAID1 EXT4 Defaults 1 2

{RAID 5}

Create 3 blocks of logical partitions of the same size as the/DEV/SDB9,SDB10,SDB11 format for FD

#partprobe notification of the partition table there was an error, ignoring him.

#mdadm-C/dev/md1-ayes-l5-n3/dev/sdb{9..11} made MD5 = RAID5

Mdadm:defaulting to version 1.2 metadata

Mdadm:array/dev/md0 started.

#mdadm-D/DEV/MD5 View MD5

#mkfs-T ext4/dev/md5 formatting

#mount/DEV/MD5/Location Mount use

#vim/etc/fstab Edit boot automatically mount

DEV/MD5/RAID5 EXT4 Defaults 1 2

Delete raid

Umount Uninstall

Mdadm-s/DEV/MD5 Delete

Mdadm--zero-superblock/dev/sdb{9..11} Clear Intra-partition Super block

Fstab File Repair

If the hard drive error root password if you can access it can repair

#mount-o REMOUNT,RW/re-mount as read-write permission

#vim/etc/fstab

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LVM Logical Volume Management

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Network commands

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Last look at user login information

Lastlog look at the last login information----with the ID of a user

Tracert win down route tracking

Traceroute Route Tracking

NETSTAT-NTPL look at the local listening TCP port-tlun look at the native listening port

-an See all network connection RN look at the routing table

Nslookup Look at DNS parsing

Mount Mount CD/dev/cdrom/mnt/cdrom umount Uninstall

Mount USB Device/dev/sdc1/mnt/usb fdisk-l See if USB is recognized

Write messages to online users

Wall to send messages to all line users

Mail to email to users

Ping sends an ICMP report

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User Group Management commands

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Who looks at the current system's user TTY for local login pts/0 remote

Useradd Build user/etc/passwd not login

passwd Create password/etc/shadow to login

Usermod modifying user Properties-l/etc/passwd renaming property

Userdel Delete user-R simultaneously delete the following 6 files

/ETC/PASSWD users

/etc/shadow Password

/etc/group Group

/etc/gshadow Group Password

/var/spool/mail/tao Mailbox

/home/tao Host Directory

Su-root-c "Useradd tao" add user Tao under non-root user

Groupadd Create Group-G Specify group Id/etc/group

Groupmod Modify Group-n Modify group name with old group name

Groupdel Delete Group Initial group cannot delete additional group can be deleted

GPASSWD Add user to group-a Tao root to add Tao users to the root group

-D Tao Root Delete user or manually change/etc/group

-M TAO,TAO1 root add multiple users to the root group at the same time

Groups root shows which group Roo belong to

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Vim

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Command mode insert mode ESC edit mode:

Insert a line after inserting a cursor after a line end I cursor before I start o cursor Insert line o cursor above

Positioning: Set NU Setting Line number: SEC Nonu cancel line number: N to the first row

Delete the character of the X-deleted NX-delete several characters after the DD-strikethrough several lines after the NDD line include the forward

Copy paste yy copy current line p paste to line below Nyy copy current line following n line DD cut

Search/tao Search Replace:%s/tao/taotao

Save exit: QW or X Save as: w/Position not saved back: q! Save changes Exit: wq!

Vim tips 3yy 4j p copy cursor start after 3 lines of content to line 4th and paste

Import: R/etc/tao Import Tao file contents to the current location

: R!date Import command ls result to current position

:! LS does not exit execute command LS

Define shortcut keys: Map Ctrl + CTRL + Shortcut i#<esc> plus comments

: Map Ctrl + CTRL + Shortcut 00 x minus Comment

: 1,4s/^/#/g 1 to 4 lines plus comments

: 1,4s/#//g 1 to 4 lines minus comments

: 1,4s/^#//g 1 to 4 lines at the beginning of the line minus comments

: AB Youxiang [email protected]

: Set Nu

There's no need to put him in VIM/ROOT/.VIMRC or VIM/HOME/TAO/.VIMRC.

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Package Management

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RPM-IVH installation Package Full name

RPM-UVH Upgrade Package Full Name

RPM-E Uninstall Package Name

RPM-Q Package name is there any information about installing-QI query

Rpm-qa | grep package name queries whether packages with package name keywords are installed

RPM-QC | grep package Name query for configuration file with package name as key package

RPM-QL Package name look at the installation location of the package-QLP look at the installation location of the installation package

RPM-GF/System file name It's the package that was installed.

Rpm2cpio Package Full Name | Cpio-idv is patching system files | You can also reinstall the secondary package

rpm2cpio/mnt/cdrom/packagos/Package Full Name | Cpio-idv./Extracted files

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Online Yum installation package

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#yum-y install wget wget download tool with Yum

#cd/root

#pwd

#wget Http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo

#mv/etc/yum.repos.d/centos-base.repo/etc/yum.repos.d/centos-base.repo.bak

#mv/root/centos6-base-163.repo/etc/yum.repos.d/centos-base.repo

#yum Makecache

#yum Clean All

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Local Yum installation source

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Mkdir/mnt/cdrom Creating mount Points

Mount/dev/cdrom/mnt/cdrom Hanging on CD

cd/mnt/cdrom/Check to see if it hangs up.

Renaming a yum configuration file back up

Mv/etc/yum.repo.d/centos-base.repo/etc/yum.repo.d/centos-base.repo.bak

Mv/etc/yum.repo.d/centos-debuginfo.repo/etc/yum.repo.d/centos-debuginfo.repo.bak

Vim/etc/yum.repo.d/centos-media.repo Editing a configuration file

[Guangpan] Custom

Name=guangpan Custom

Baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom Set Mount Path

Gpgcheck=0 Digital Certificate Effective 0 No 1 yes

Enabled=1 enable Yum Source 1 start 0 do not start

: wq! Save exit

Yum Clean all clears the cache

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YUM command

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Yum-y Install package Name

Yum-y Updeta Package Name upgrade

Yum list looks at those installation packages

Yum Search package name See Install dependency Package

Minimize installation with Yum Uninstall upgrade with a specific package name

Linux Common commands