Linux Common Commands

Linux Common Commands

(1) Command ls--list files

Ls-l listing the details of a file

Ls-la gives a long list of all the files in the current directory, including a "hidden" file that begins with a period

LS A * lists all files in the current directory that begin with the letter A

Ls-l *.sh gives all files in the current directory ending with. sh

(2) command cp--copy files

CP afile Afile.bak Copy the file as a new file Afile.bak

CP afile/home/bible/Copy the file Afile from the current directory to the/home/bible/directory

CP */tmp copies all hidden files in the current directory to the/tmp/directory

CP-A Docs Docs.bak recursively copies the docs directory under the current directory to the new directory Docs.bak, preserves the file attributes, and copies all the files, including hidden files that begin with a period.

(3) command mv--to move and rename files

MV Aflie bfile Renaming afile to bfile

MV Afile/tmp Move the afile under the current directory to the/tmp/directory

(4) Command rm--delete files and directories

RM afile Deleting files Afile

RM-RF domed Delete the domed directory and all the content it contains

which

-R: Down recursive delete

-F: Directly forcibly removed without any hint

(5) Command cd--change Directory

CD ~ Switch to home directory

CD/TMP switch to Directory/tmp

cd dir switch to dir directory in current directory

CD/Switch to root directory

Cd.. Switch to the top level directory

Cd.. /.. Switch to the top level two directory

(6) command mkdir--to create a directory

mkdir phots to create a directory named photos in the current directory

Mkdir-p a/b/c Creating a specified nested subdirectory under the current directory

Mkdir-m 777 Test3 Create test3 directory with permissions of 777

Mkdir-p A/{a,b,c} Create an ABC three subdirectory in the a directory at the same time

(7) Command grep--search for file contents

grep Bible/etc/exports finds all rows that contain Bible in file exports

Tail-100/var/log/apache/access.log|grep 404 finds rows that contain "404" in the 100 rows of the Web server log file Access.log

(8) Command find--Find files

Find-name test finds the Test folder in the current directory and returns its path

Find |grep test finds files in the current directory and its subdirectories with the file name containing test

Locate test Find the file name that contains test in any part of the system

(9) Command cat--display file contents

Cat a.txt Show content in A.txt

(10) Command ps--view process

PS [Options]

DESCRIPTION (description): PS command displays some information about the run program options. If you want to display some duplicate information for an option, use the top command instead.

Use standard syntax to view each process on the system.

Ps-e

Ps-ef

Ps-ef

ps-ely

(11) Command top--view CPU, memory

(12) Command pwd--view current path

(13) Order tar--package, unpack rar

TAR-CVF Ab.tar a.jsp B.java a.jsp and B.java into Ab.rar

TAR-XVF **.tar a.jsp B.java **.tar Unpacking

(14) Command tail--view file details

Tail-f Aaa.txt See more information of aaa.txt file

Tail-n x Aaa.log x: Last few lines

(15) Command ln--to establish a connection

ln source_path Target_path Hard Connection

Ln-s source_path Target_path Soft Connection

(16) command touch--create an empty file

Touch Aaa.txt creates an empty file with a file name of Aaa.txt

(+) VI

One, vi open edit file

Example: VI test.conf,vi/tmp/test.conf, ...

If the specified filepathandname is present, the contents of the file are automatically loaded and automatically created if it does not exist.

Note: A wave symbol is displayed before each line to indicate that the behavior is blank line.

Second, vi into the input mode

VI works in two modes: instruction mode and input mode. The instruction mode is the default mode mode after the file is opened, and any character entered is considered a control instruction. Input mode is the normal editing mode, at this time input word defaults think input content.

Third, vi editing instructions

1, Screen page

Ctrl+u: Flip up half screen

Ctrl+f: Turn up one screen

Ctrl+d: Flip Down half screen

CTRL+B: Flip one screen down

2. Move cursor Instruction

Moving the cursor is commonly used in the direction of the key, consider compatibility issues, vi definition too many direction instructions, the following is just a small part (common several):

Space: Move the cursor right one character

Backspace: Cursor moves left one character

Enter: Move the cursor down one line

NG: Cursor moves to the beginning of nth

n+: The cursor moves down n rows

N: Move the cursor up n rows

n$: Cursor moves to end of Nth line

0: Cursor moves to the beginning of the current line

$: Cursor moves to the end of the current line

3. Insert Delete Instruction

Common insert and delete directives are as follows:

I: Insert before current cursor, text moves backwards after cursor

A: Inserted after the current cursor, after the cursor text is moved

I: Insert at the beginning of the cursor (the first non-whitespace character match either)

A: Insert from the end of the line where the cursor is located

O: Add a row below the cursor line (and enter the input mode)

O: Add a row above the cursor line (and enter the input mode)

X: Delete the character of the cursor, equivalent to the [delete] function key

X: Delete cursor before character, equivalent to [Backspace]

DD: Delete the line where the cursor is located

R: Modify the character of the cursor

R: Replace the current character and its characters until you press [ESC]

S: replaces the specified number of characters with the input text starting at the current cursor position

S: Deletes the specified number of rows and replaces them with the input text

Do: Delete to the beginning of the line

d$: Delete to end of line

Iv. Vi. exit

To exit input mode, click the [ESC] key (sometimes double-click), and then execute:

: w--Save current file

: wq--Save (same as command: x function)

: q--Direct exit, if modified will prompt to save

: q! --Do not save direct exit

(18) Command uname--View system version

Uname-r shows the version of the operating system kernel

(19) Command reboot, shutdown--shut down and restart the computer

Reboot restart your computer

Shutdown-r Now restarts the computer, stops the service, and then restarts the computer

Shutdown-h now shut down the computer, stop the service, and then shut down the system

Halt shutting down the computer

Generally with Shutdown-r now, in rebooting the system is to close the related services, Shutdown-h now is also the case.

(20) command su--Switch User

Su-Switch to root user

Su-test switch to test user,

Note:--he is critical, using--that will use the user's environment variable

(21) Command free--view memory and swap partition usage

sarge:~# Free-tm

(22) Command uptime--the current time, the system is running to the current elapsed time, the number of users connected, the last minute, five minutes and 15 minutes of system load

sarge:~# Uptime

(23) Command vmstat--Monitor virtual memory usage

# Vmstat

(24) Command iostat--disk throughput

-C Displays only CPU rows

-D Display Disk rows

-k displays disk output in kilobytes

-T includes timestamps in the output

-X includes extended disk metrics in the output

(25) Command clear--clear Screen

(26) Start-up service

Service Name Start

(27) Resources

View memory usage and swap usage

Free-m

View the usage of each partition

Df-h

To view the size of a specified directory

Du-sh < directory name >

View Total Memory

grep memtotal/proc/meminfo

To view the amount of free memory

grep memfree/proc/meminfo

View system uptime, number of users, load

Uptime

View System Load

Cat/proc/loadavg

(28) disks and partitions

To view the status of a mounted partition

Mount | Column-t

View all partitions

Fdisk-l

View all swap partitions

Swapon-s

View disk parameters (for IDE devices only)

Hdparm-i/dev/hda

To view IDE device detection status at startup

DMESG | grep IDE

(29) Network

To view the properties of all network interfaces

Ifconfig

View firewall settings

Iptables-l

View the routing table

Route-n

View all listening ports

Netstat-lntp

View all connections that have been established

Netstat-antp

View network Statistics

Netstat-s

(30) process

View All Processes

Ps-ef

Show process status in real time

Top

(31) Service

List all system services

Chkconfig--list

List all system services that are started

Chkconfig--list | grep on

Linux Common Commands