Linux Common commands

commands for displaying directories and files

Ls: A command to view all folders.

Dir: command to display the specified folder and directory tree: List directory contents in a tree view

Du: Show directory or file size

Modify directories, file permissions, and host and array commands

Chmod: The permission command used to change the specified directory or file.

Chown: The command used to change the properties of a file.

CHGRP: The command used to change the file group.

Chattr: Used to set files with non-delete and modify permissions.

Lsattr: Used to display hidden properties of a file or directory.

commands for creating and deleting directories

Mkdir: Used to create a directory

Rmdir: Used to delete empty directories

Rm-f: Used to delete a directory that is not empty

Create and delete, rename, copy a file commands

Touch: Create a new file

Vi: Create a new file

Rm: Deleting files or directories

Mv: Commands to rename or move files

Cp: Copy command

SCP: Used to copy a local file or directory to a remote server

Wget: Used to download ftp or http server files locally.

Commands to display the contents of a file

Cat: Used to display the entire contents of a specified file

More: Displays the contents of the specified file in pagination

Less: Displays the contents of the specified file as a paging, with the difference between the more and less pages using the same key.

Head: Used to display the first n rows of the file .

Tail: Used to display the contents of the following n rows of a file .

Tail-f: The data content of the display file after n rows for auto-refresh .

Find command

Find: The command that finds the specified directory or file.

Whereis: Find the specified file source and binary files and manuals, etc.

Which: the location used to query for commands or aliases.

Locate: Quickly find the content specified in the system database .

Grep: Finds content that satisfies a condition within the specified file or standard output, standard input.

Commands to shut down and restart your computer

Shutdown:-R restarts immediately after shutdown

-K does not really shut down, but only sends a warning message to all users

-H does not restart after shutting down the machine

Poweroff: For power off and off

Init: Changing the operating level of the system

level 0 for shutting down the system

Level 1 for single user mode

Level 2 for Multi-user usage (but without network functionality)

Level 3 for Multi-user usage (with network full function)

Level 4 for user-defined usage patterns

Level 5 indicates the mode when entering x Windows

Level 6 to restart the system

Reboot: for computer restart

Halt: For shutting down a computer system

Compress and Package commands

Tar: Used to package multiple files or directories, but not compressed, and also unpacked with commands

Gzip: For file compression and decompression commands, the file name extension is end of . GZ .

Gunzip: Used to decompress the gzip compressed document.

BZIP2: Used to compress and decompress files or directories

Bzcat: Used to display the contents of a compressed file.

Compress/un Compress: Compression / decompression . Z File

Zcat: View Compressed file contents at the end of Z or GZ.

Gzexe: compressing executable files

Unarg: Extracting . Arj Files

Zip/unzip: compressing and decompressing . zip Files

User Action Commands

Su: Switch User command

Sudo: A system administrator's identity Execution command

PASSWD: Used to modify the user's password

Change directory and view current directory commands

Cd: Enter the working directory

Cd .. : It will go back to the previous level command

PWD: Displays the current user's working directory location

File connection command

Ln: Creates a connection for the source file and does not copy the source file, that is, it takes up a small amount of space.

Can be divided into software connections and hard links.

Soft Connect: Also known as symbolic Connection, a shortcut is created for a file or directory.

Hard link: Give a file more than one name, put in a different directory, easy for users to use.

The Ln command parameters are as follows:

-F: When creating a connection, delete the file or directory with the same name as the destination object first.

-D: Allows system administrators to hard-link their own directories.

-I: asks the user before deleting the file or directory with the same name as the destination object.

-N: Treats thedestination object as a generic file when creating a soft connection.

-S: Creates a soft connection, which is a symbolic connection.

-V: Displays the file or directory name before connecting.

-B: Files that will be overwritten or deleted at the time of connection are backed up.

Help Command-----Man

otherCommand

who: The display system has those users in use.

-ami Show Current user

-u: Show the user's actions / work

-S: Use a short format to display

-V: Show program version

Free: View memory usage of the current system

Uptime: Shows how long the system has been running

Ps: Show the dynamics of the instantaneous process

Pstree: Displays all the processes in the system in a tree-like manner

Date: Displays or sets the day and time of the system.

Last: Displays the user information of the monthly login system

Kill: kills some specific process

Logout: Exiting the system

Useradd/userdel: Add user / Delete user

Clear: Clear Screen

PASSWD: Set User password

VI Editor

First open a file with the VI command

Last-line mode command:

: N,m w path/filename Save specified range document ( n table Start Row,m table end row)

: q! force quit after making changes to the file

: Q No changes have been made to the file exit

Wq or x Save Exit

DD deletes the cursor in the row

: Set number Displays line numbers

: n jumps to n rows

: S replacement string: s/test/test2/g/g global replacement/can also be substituted with%

/Find String

Common commands for network communication

ARP: Network address display and control

FTP: File transfer

Lftp: File transfer

Mail: Send / receive e-mail

MESG: Allows or denies other users from sending information to the terminal they are using

Mutt e-mail management program

Ncftp : File transfer

Netstat: Displays the network connection . routing table and network interface information

Pine: Send and receive emails, browse newsgroups

Ping: To see if the network is connected smoothly

Ssh: Remote login in Safe mode

Telnet: Telnet

Talk: Talking to another user

Traceroute: Displays the path through which a host was reached and the time it was used.

Wget: Automatically download files from the Internet

Write: Writing information to other user terminals Rlogin: Telnet

Linux Common commands