Linux Common commands

I. Common commands under Linux: File and directory operations
basename: Remove the path and extension from the file name
CD: Switch the current working directory to the specified directory
CHGRP: Changing the group to which the file belongs
chmod: Changing the permissions of a file
Chown: Changing the owner and group of files
CP: Copying Files or directories
DD: Copy files and convert file contents
File: Determine the types of files
Find: Finds a file in the specified directory and performs the specified action
LN: Creating a file Link
Locate/slocate: Path to quickly locate files
Ls/dir/vdir: Displaying directory contents
mkdir: Creating a Directory
MV: Moving or renaming files
PWD: Show Current working directory
Rename: Renaming files
RM: Deleting files or directories
RmDir: Delete Empty directory
Touch: Modify the time properties of a file
UpdateDB: Create or update a slocate database
Whereis: Show instruction program, source code, and Man manual page
Which: Displays the absolute path of the instruction

Second, Linux common commands: Backup and compression
AR: Create, modify, and extract files from archive files
Arj:.arj File Compression Instructions
BUNZIP2: Compressing compressed files in bzip2 format
Bzcat: Extracting files to standard output
BZIP2: Create a compressed file in. bz2 format
Bzip2recover: Repairing a damaged. bz2 file
Bzless/bzmore: Unzip. bz2 file and display content in Split screen
Compress: Compressing data files
Cpio: Accessing files in an archive package
Dump: File system backup
Gunzip: Extracting files compressed by gzip
Gzexe: Compress executable Program
GZIP:GNU Compression and decompression tools
LHA: Compression and decompression instructions
Resotre: Restoring a file or file system backed up by dump
Tar: Create a backup archive file
Unarj: extracting. Arj files
Uncompress: Uncompressed. Z File
Unzip: Unzip the. zip file
Zcat: Unzip the file and send it to standard output
Zforce: Mandatory gzip format file plus. gz extension
Zip: Compressed file
Zipinfo: Displaying details of zip compressed files
Znew: Will ". Z "file converted to. gz" file

iii. common Commands under Linux: Text Processing
Cat: Link file and display to standard output
Cksum: Check and calculate file cyclic redundancy check code
CMP: Compare differences in two files
Col: Filtering control characters
COLRM: Filter out the specified columns from the input
Comm: Compare the differences between two ordered files
Csplit: Splitting files
Cut: Displays the specified contents of each line in the file
DIFF3: Compare the differences between 3 files
diff: Compare and display different two files
Diffstat: Displays statistics based on the results of the diff instruction
Ed: text Editor
Emacs: Full-screen text editor
Ex: Text editor
Expand: Convert tab to blank (space)
FMT: Optimized text Format
Fold: Set line width for file display
Grep/egrep/fgrep: Displaying matching rows in a file
Head: Output file beginning part
Ispell: Interactive spell checker
Jed: Text Editor
Joe: Editing a text file
Join: Merge the same fields for two files
Less: Split-screen viewing of text files
Look: Displays lines in a file that begin with a specific string
MORE: Split-screen viewing of text files
OD: Output file contents in digital encoding
Paste: Merging the contents of a file
Pico: Text Editor
SED: Stream File Editor
Sort: Sorting Data files
Spell: Spell check
Split: Split file
Sum: Calculates and displays the checksum of the file
TAC: Reverse-order display of file contents
Tail: Output file tail part content
Tee: Copy input to standard output and specified file
TR: convert or delete characters in a file
Unexpand: Convert blank (space) to tab
Uniq: Deleting duplicate rows in a file
VI: Full screen text editor
WC: Calculates the number of bytes, words, and lines of a file

iv. common commands under Linux: Shell directives
Alias: Defining command aliases
BG: Putting a job (or task) in the background
Bind: Show or set keyboard configuration
DECLARE: Declaring shell variables
Dirs: Displaying records in the shell directory stack
Echo: print string to standard output
Enable: Activate and close shell internal commands
Eval: Executes the specified instruction and returns the result
EXEC: Log out after executing given instruction
Exit: Exit the current shell
Export: setting and displaying environment variables
FC: Edit and Execute history commands
FG: Switch background task (or job) to foreground run
Hash: the hash table that runs the query when the command is displayed and cleared
History: Show and manipulate historical commands
Jobs: Show job information for the shell
Kill: Kills a process or job
Logout: Exit Login Shell
POPD: Deleting records from the shell directory stack
PUSHD: Adding records to the shell directory stack
Set: Sets how the shell executes
SHOPT: Set switch values for controlling shell behavior variables
Ulimit: Setting resource limits for the shell
Umask: Set the permission mask for creating files
Unalias: Cancels the command alias defined by alias
unset: Deleting a defined variable or function

V. Common commands under Linux: print related instructions
Accept: Accepts print requests
Cancel: Cancel Print task
Disable: Stop printer
Enable: Start the printer
LP: Print Files
Lpadmin: Configuring Cups printers and Classes
LPC: Controlling printers
LPQ: Displays the current print queue
LPR: Printing files
LPRM: Delete jobs in the current print queue
Lpstat: Displays status information for cups
PR: Convert text format before printing
Reject: Reject Print request

vi. common commands under Linux: other basic directives
BC: Calculator for accurate calculations
Cal: Show Calendar
Clear: Clear Screen command
Consoletype: Displays the type of terminal currently in use
Ctrlaltdel: Set the function of hotkey Ctrl+alt+del
Date: Displays and sets the system date time
Dircolors: Sets the color of the LS command when it is displayed
Eject: Eject media for removable devices
Halt: Turn off the computer
HostID: Displays the digital ID of the current host
Hwclock: Querying and setting the system hardware clock
Info: Read the Help document
Login: Logon System
Man: Show online Help manual
Md5sum: Calculates and displays MD5 summary information for a file
MESG: Set Terminal Write permissions
Mtools: Show instructions for the Mtools software package
Mtoolstest: Test and display the configuration of the Mtools kit
Poweroff: Turn off the computer and disconnect the power
Reboot: Restart your computer
Shutdown: Turn off the computer
Sleep: Sleeps for a specified length of time
Stat: Displays the status of a file or file system
Talk: Talking to other users
Wall: Send information to all terminals
Whatis: Querying keywords in the database
Who: Displays information for the currently logged-on user
WHOAMI: Displays the current user name
Write: Send information to the specified user terminal
Yes: continuously outputting the specified string

Seven, Linux common commands: User management
CHFN: Change the user's finger information
Chsh: Change the default shell when a user logs on
finger: User Information Query program
GPASSWD: Manage group file/etc/group
Groupadd: Create Group
Groupdel: Delete Group
Groupmod: Modify group Information
Groups: Displays the group to which the user belongs
GRPCK: Verifying the integrity of the group file/etc/group
Grpconv: Enable Shadow password file for group
Grpunconv: Turn off Shadow password file for group
LogName: Display logon user name
passwd: Set User password
Pwck: Verify integrity of user file password file
Pwconv: Enable user's shadow password file
Pwunconv: Turn off the user's shadow password file
Su: Switch User
Useradd: Create user
Userdel: Delete User
Usermod: Modify user's configuration information
Users: Displays the user name of the currently logged on system

Viii. common commands under Linux: Process management
INIT: Process Initialization control
Killall: End Process by name
Nice: Set process priority
Nohup: Running the program with the Ignore Suspend signal mode
Pgrep: Query based on name and show process number
PIDOF: Find the process number that is running the program
Pkill: Sends a signal to the specified process
PS: Displays the current process status of the system
Pstree: Displaying the parent-child relationship of a process with a tree diagram
Renice: Adjusting Process priorities
W: Displays information about the currently logged on user
Watch: Displays the output information of the specified command in full-screen mode

nine, Linux common commands: Disk and file System Management
Badblocks: Disk bad block Check tool
Blockdev: Invoking the IOCTL function of a block device from the command line
Chattr: Changing the file's 2nd extended file System Properties
Convertquota: Convert quota file format
DF: report disk remaining space condition
DUMPE2FS: Display EXT2/EXT3 file System Information
E2fsck: Checking the Ext2/ext3 file system
E2image: Saving EXT2/EXT3 source data to a file
E2label: Set EXT2/EXT3 File System tab
Edquota: Editing a user's disk space quota
Partitioning tools under the Fdisk:linux
Findfs: Finding the file system
Fsck: Checking and repairing Linux file system
Boot loader under Grub:linux
Hdparm: Adjusting hard disk I/O performance
Lilo:linux Loader
Lsattr: Show file Ext2 file System Properties
Mkbootdisk: Creating a dedicated boot floppy for the current system
MKE2FS: Creating the 2nd Extended file system
MKFS: Creating various file systems
MKINITRD: Create initialize RAM disk image file
Mkisofs: Creating a disc image file
Mknod: Creating a block device or character device file
Mkswap: Creating a Swap partition file system
Mktemp: Creating Temporary files
Mount: Load File system
Parted: Disk partition management tool
Quota: Show user disk quotas
Quotacheck: Create, check, and repair quota files
Quotaoff: Turn off disk quotas for the file system
Quotaon: Open the disk quotas feature of the file system
Quotastat: Show disk quota status
Repquota: Display the file system disk quota Information Report
Swapoff: Turn off swap space
Swapon: Activating swap space
Sync: Force the cache data to be written to disk
TUNE2FS: Adjusting parameters of the Ext2/ext3 file system
Umount: Uninstalling a file system that has already been loaded

Ten, Linux common commands: Kernel and performance
Depmod: Handling dependencies of kernel loadable modules
DMESG: Displaying output information of the kernel
Free: Display memory usage
Insmod: Load module to kernel
Iostat: report CPU, I/O device, and partition status
IPCS: Show status information for interprocess communication
Kernelversion: Display kernel major version number
Lsmod: Displaying loaded modules
Modinfo: Displaying kernel module information
modprobe: Loading kernel modules and resolving dependencies
Mpstat: Displaying process-related state information
Rmmod: Removing modules from the kernel
SAR: collecting, Display and save system activity information
Slabtop: Slab cache information for the kernel is displayed in real time
Sysctl: Modify kernel parameters at runtime
Tload: Monitor system average load
Top: Display and manage system processes
Uname: Display System Information
Uptime: Display system uptime and average load
Vmstat: Shows the status of virtual memory

Xi. Linux Common commands: X-window system
StartX: initializing X-window session
XAUTH:X System Licensing File management tool
Xhost: Display and configure access rights for X server
Xinit:x-window system initialization Program
Xlsatoms: Display x Server atomic data definition
Xlsclients: Displays the X program running on the specified monitor
xlsfonts: Displays the font information used by the X server
Xset: Set user preference properties for the X system

12, Linux common commands: System security
Chroot: Run directives at specified root
Nmap: Network probing tool and security scanner
SCP: Encrypted remote Replication tool
SFTP: Secure file Transfer tool
Slogin: encrypted telnet tool
SSH: encrypted telnet tool
sudo: Executing instructions as another user

13, Linux common commands: Programming-related Directives
Awk/gawk: Schema scanning and processing language
Expr: Evaluating the value of an expression
Gcc:gnu C compiler
Gdb:gnu debugger
LDD: Show shared library Dependencies
Make: Project Compilation tool
NM: Display the symbol table of the target file
Perl:perl command-line tools for the language
php:php script language command line interface
Test: Conditional test

14, Linux common commands: Other system Management and maintenance directives
Arch: Displays the hardware architecture of the current host
at: Execution of tasks by Schedule
ATQ: Querying for tasks to be performed
ATRM: deleting tasks to be performed
batch: Running tasks at a specified time
Chkconfig: Setting services performed by the system at different operating levels
Crontab: Schedule tasks by Time
Last: Displays information about users who have previously logged on to the system
Lastb: Displays information about users who have logged on to the system failed
Logrotate: The round-robin tool for the system log
Logsave: Saving the output information of a command to a log file
Logwatch: Reporting and Analysis System log
LSUSB: Display all USB devices
Patch: Patch and update files
rpm:red Hat Package Manager
RunLevel: Displays the current system's operating level
Service:linux service Management and control tools
Telinit: Switching the current system's operating level
YUM:RPM Package Automation management tool

XV, Linux common commands: Network configuration
DnsDomainName: Displays the DNS domain name of the system
DomainName: Display and set host domain name
hostname: Display or set system hostname
IFCFG: Configure network interface
Ifconfig: Configure network parameters for network Interfaces
Ifdown: Turn off the specified network interface
Ifup: Start the specified network interface
Nisdomainname: Display and set host domain name
route: Displays and manipulates the native IP routing table
Ypdomainname: Display and set host domain name

16, Linux common commands: Network testing and Application
ARP: managing native ARP buffers
arping: sending ARP Request messages to neighboring hosts
Arpwatch: Listen for ARP information on the network
Dig: Domain name query tool
ELinks: Plain text Web browser
Elm: e-mail client program
ftp: File Transfer Protocol client
Host:dns domain name query tool
Ipcalc:ip Address Calculator
Lynx: Plain Text Web browser
Mail: e-Mail Manager
NCFTP: Enhanced FTP Client tool
Netstat: Display network status
Nslookup:dns domain name query tool
Pine: E-mail and newsgroup handlers
Ping: test whether the network reaching the target host is unobstructed
Rsh: remote shell
Telnet: Telnet tool
TFTP: Simple File Transfer Protocol client
Tracepath: Trace Data routed
Traceroute: traces the route that the packet arrives at the destination host
wget: Download the file from the specified URL address

17, Linux common commands: Advanced network instruction
Arptables: ARP rule table for management kernel
IP: Powerful multifunction network configuration tool
Iptables:ip packet filtering and NAT management tool
Iptables-save: Saving configuration iptables in the kernel
Iptables-restore: Restore iptables configuration information
Tcpdump: Listening for network traffic

 

18, Linux common commands: network server Directive
Ab:web Server performance test
Apachectl:apache HTTP server Control Interface
EXPORTFS: Managing File Systems shared by NFS server
Htdigest: Managing User files for Digest authentication
HTPASSWD: Managing User files for Basic authentication
Httpd:apache Hypertext Transfer Protocol Server
MAILQ: Display message queue to be sent
Client tools for Mysql:mysql server
Mysqladmin:mysql Server Administration Tool
Msqldump:mysql Server Backup tool
Mysqlimport:mysql database import Tool
Mysqlshow: Display MySQL database, table, and field information
Nfsstat: Show Network File system Status
SendMail: E-mail delivery agent
Showmount: Display load information on Server for NFS
Smbclient:samba Server Client tool
Smbmount: Loading Samba file system
SMBPASSWD: Changing the password of a samba user
Squid:http Proxy Server program
Sshd:openssh daemon

Linux Common commands