Linux Common shell command ls

ls: View file name and directory, usage: $ ls [option]

1. $ ls

Enter the LS command directly, listing all files and directories in the current directory, without displaying details such as type, size, date permissions, and so on.

2. $ ls-l

The-l option displays a record for each row, displaying file and directory information in a long list, including file type, size, date and time of modification, permissions, users and groups to which they belong.

As shown below:

D Rwxr-xr-x 2 userName groupName 4096 Sep 10:51 Desktop
Drwxr-xr-x 2 userName groupName 4096 Jul 2 07:47 Documents
Drwxr-xr-x 2 userName groupName 4096 Jul 2 07:47 Downloads

-rw-rw-r--1 userName groupName 0 Sep 11:43 hello.txt

The above output has 7 fields per line and each field has a different meaning:

Field 1: File types and permissions. The first character indicates the type of file, in particular: D: directory;-: normal file; s: Socket file; L: Link file

Rwxr-xr-x represents the permissions for the file.

Field 2: Number of links. 1 indicates that only one file is linked to this file

Field 3: Owner

Field 4: User groups

Field 5: File size, Unit bytes

Field 6: Date The file was last modified

Field 7: File name

3. $ ls-lh

The-LH option displays the file size as a form that conforms to the usual reading habits, such as:

Drwxr-xr-x 2 Lipan lipan 4.0K Sep 10:51 Desktop

4. $ ls-f

-F option to categorize different file types with different special characters

init/linux-sound-base/ufw/
klibc-p2s_k-gf23vtrggo2_4pgkqgwmy.so* lsb/x86_64-linux-gnu/
[Email protected] Modprobe.d/xtables/hello.txt

/: Indicates directory

@: Indicates a linked file

*: Represents an executable file

None: Indicates normal file

5. $ ls-r

-r option to recursively list the contents of a directory

6. $ ls-ls

-ls option to list files and directories in file size order in long list format (descending order)

7. $ ls-a

-A option to list all files and directories including hidden files or directories, including "." (current directory) and ".." (Parent directory)

8. $ ls-a

-A option to list all files and directories, including hidden files or directories, excluding "." (current directory) and ".." (Parent directory)

9. $ ls-n

-n option, output similar to-l option, but use UID and GID instead of owner and user group

Linux Common shell command ls