Linux directory basics, simple commands, and the use of Linux Help

• Computer composition and its functions

The computer is actually: receives the user input instruction and the data, passes through the CPU data and the logical unit computation processing, produces or stores the useful information. So the computer composition can be divided into input unit, output unit, CPU (control unit, arithmetic logic unit), memory

Input unit: including keyboard, mouse, scanner, tablet, touch screen, etc. to realize the input function of data

Output unit: such as screen, printer, etc., the output function of the result after data processing is realized.

Arithmetic logic unit: mainly responsible for program operation and logical judgment

Control unit: The main coordination between the components and the work of the units

Memory: Extracts input unit data, provides read of CPU data

• Linux mainstream distribution

Debian:ubuntu

Slackware:s.u.s.e

Redhat:redhat Enterprise Linux; Centos

• The philosophical thought of Linux

All files: The Linux system abstracts all resources into files, and hardware devices and communication interfaces are also represented by files. Managing the entire system or modifying the configuration system can actually become a file management

A program only do one thing: The Linux system consists of a number of small programs with a single function, complex tasks through the combination of programs (small programs are not prone to error, complex task troubleshooting can be broken down into small programs)

Program startup try not to interact with people: want to automate in a programmatic way

Text Save configuration file: With the most basic editing tools can be done, backup, reading more convenient, familiar with the configuration can be quickly deployed

• Linux commands

Linux command format: command [OPTION] ... [file]| [String]

The Command:linux command itself

[Option]:linux command to run an adjustable item, you can follow multiple options

[file]| [The String]:linux command is followed by a parameter that may not be required; parameters are generally files or strings

Ifconfig command

Ifconfig-configure a network interface (can be used as a view IP address)

echo command

Echo-display a line of text

-n Do not output the trailing newline

-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes

TTY command

Tty-print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input

STARTX command

Startx-initialize an X session

Export command

Export-set the export attribute for variables

PWD command

Pwd-print Name of current/working directory

History command

History-display the command history list with line numbers

-C Clear The history list by deleting all the entries

-D offset Delete The history entry at position offset

Shutdown command

Shutdown-bring the system down

-R requests that the system is rebooted after it had been brought down

-H requests that the system is either halted or powered off after it has been

Brought down, with the choice as to which left up to the system

-C cancels a running shutdown

Poweroff command

Poweroff-reboot or stop the system

Reboot command

Reboot-reboot or stop the system

Hwclock command

Hwclock-query and set the hardware clock (RTC)

Date command

Date-print or set the system date and time

• Linux Get command Help

Builtin commands: Help command

External command: Command--help

Help documentation from the program

Official documents

Search engine

Online Help Documentation: info COMMAND

Common help: Man COMMAND

Man document: Divided into 8 chapters

MANUAL SECTIONS

The standard sections of the manual include:

1 User Commands

2 System Calls

3 C Library Functions

4 Devices and Special Files

5 File Formats and conventions

6 games et. Al.

7 Miscellanea

8 System Administration Tools and Deamons

• Linux File System Brief

Follow filesystem Hierarchy Standard (file system directory standards)

Specific criteria in the Annex

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Linux directory basics, simple commands, and the use of Linux Help