Linux history and its simple concepts

Hardware architecture: arch: arm, PPC, Dragon core: MIPS,

Sun: ultrasparc, IBM minicomputer: power,

Anteng 64-bit,

AMD 64-bit CPU

Feng nuoman's storage Philosophy

Bus: PCI, ISA, Eisa, ATA, SATA, SCSI

Bus transmission data and commands

CPU: (microcode) -- combined with chip design, porting, 32-bit, 64bit -- Addressing capability, PAE-physical address expansion,

Memory: memory-Ram, external storage,

Cache: Level 1, level 2, and level 3 Cache

Level 1 cache multimedia

Output: Early-diode, punch, telex printer

Clock cycle: Also available in the operating system,

Batch Processing: there are multiple jobs -- job1 $ job2 on the tape,

Offline batch processing:

CTS time-sharing system

Ge + at&t-Bell (park-Xerox) Lei Feng lab + MIT

Multi-user, multi-task

MIT implementation (multics)

BELL: Ken, PDP-7 computer, UNICs-Unix

Dec-The production computer was acquired by Kang Mai: (PDP, VAX) Minicomputer

Dennis-Ken's colleague B --> C Language

Language B (compiler, script) Language B-script language

1974, D, K

Berkeley: Computer, economics (public)

In 1976, Ken, Nian Xiu, taught at Berkeley

Bill Joy-bsrg system,> virtual memory, TCP/IP, Shell

1978, BSD, UNIX,

SCO

1980 Microsoft, Bill, XENIX system-Unix

Bell, split, 4 W, BSD

PC 3 W

CP/M system, 2 W

4 weeks, Bill --> DoS

IBM, PC, intel X86 CPU

Apple, jobs, BSD, PPC-CPU

M68K-CPU

Sell bell-> Novell, NetWare

Bsd4.3 --> bsd4.3lite (OpenBSD, NetBSD, FreeBSD)

Commercial Unix Version

Sun: SunOS system-Unix-> Solaris System (ultrasparc)

IBM: AIx System (power, PPC)

HP: houx-> anteng

Dec: VAX --> VMS system, --> WindowsNT, out of DoS

IBM-OS2 System --> Vista

Legend of Silicon Valley-Film

Xerox (park Lab), GUI graphics

Andrew, Unix lecture, write minix

European University of Helsinki Linus 80386,

1990 Linux,

GPL, GNU

MIT mit MIT: Stallman, free, GNU (GNU is not UNIX) -- GPL General Public License

GCC, C compiler, emacs Text Editor

1994 linux1.0

Linux, Linus, 2.0 --> 2.2 --> 2.4 --> 2.6 --> 3.0

Www.kernel.org official website source code GNU/Linux

Platform, interface,

Core calls:

'Interface'-library, system call --> API Application Programming Interface (aplication Program Interface: Library)

+ Interrupt --> API --> GCC, emacs

POSIX specification: different versions should follow the same API: Portable Operating System

GNU/Linux -- x86 (Binary) and provides an installer

Linux publishers

RedHat, Suse, deian, slackware, Gentoo

RedHat 6.0, 9.0-> no maintenance after December 15, 2003-> fedora 15 (to enhance user desktop experience-New Function)

--> RedHat enberprise enterprise 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0

The first 500 of supercomputer 480 and later use Linux

Mainstream versions:

RedHat: centos is fully compatible with RedHat (secondary development) in North America, China

SuSE:> RedHat is mainly used in Europe-Huawei

Deban: self-maintenance and addition of additional software are at least difficult to use Ubuntu twice

Intermediate

Linux release:

Slackware: Earliest

Gentoo: PC-Facing

Highest Level

LFS: nothing except a book

(Linux from scratch)

Pure Linux

Sub-project:

RedHat: Linux, GPL,

Service: earning money by service

Centos: Community version RedHat // community

Redhat Enterprise

Redhat Enterprise advance Platform

6.0: for HPC head node

For HPC compute Node

HPC: High-Performance Clusters

For IBM System Z

For IBM power

For SAP Business applications for large enterprises

Sap ::

Competing with Oracle

ORACLE: buy sun, perplesoft, BEA (database)

Direction ::

++ Middleware: websphere, 38%-42%

Fusion middleware, 10%

WebLogic,

RedHat: JBoss,

Novel: tuxdo,

Tomcat, resin

++ Database:

Oracle, Sybase, Informix, DB2,

Mysql-applicable to Web

++ ERP:

SAP

-- Minicomputer: Sun

-- Storage: San // Information System -- Data

Virtualized applications: cloud computing (HPC high-performance clusters)