Linux Learning Note Two

(((((((() ((() ((() ((()))))))))) (((((())))))))))

-------------------------------------------------the list command-----------------------------------------------
Ls
List # #列出目标文件, or list content in a directory
-A # #列出所有 (contains hidden files)
-L # #列出文件属性
-S (--size) # #列出文件大小
-S # #按照文件大小排序
-R # #第归列出
-D # #指定目录本身
-LD # #列出当前目录的属性
----------------------------------------------------End--------------------------------------------------


-------------------------------------------------Order Review---------------------------------------------
ID Student —————————— >
CD ~student ———————— >pwd:/home/student (back to student home directory)
~username # #进入到指定用户家目录
.. # #进入当前目录的上一级
-# #进入之前所在系统目录
[Email protected] desktop]$ Cd/home
[[email protected] home]$ ls
Kiosk
[Email protected] home]$ CD.
[Email protected]/]$ CD-
/home
[Email protected] home]$ pwd
/home
[Email protected] home]$ CD ~
[Email protected] ~]$ pwd
/home/kiosk
[Email protected] ~]$ Cd/sys/bus
[Email protected] bus]$ pwd
/sys/bus
[Email protected] bus]$ CD ~kiosk
[Email protected] ~]$ pwd
/home/kiosk

----------------------------------------Simple to use----------------------------------------------------

[Email protected] ~]$ Cd/desktop
BASH:CD:/desktop:no such file or directory
[[Email protected] ~]$ CD Desktop
[email protected] desktop]$ touch files
[[email protected] desktop]$ mkdir-p aying/aying1/aying2 # #将几个目录嵌套建立, if no-p is not successful, because the first aying directory does not exist
--------------------------------
[email protected] desktop]$ Touch Files # #新建文件files
[Email protected] desktop]$ pwd
/home/kiosk/desktop
[email protected] desktop]$ CP files/
cp:missing destination file operand after ' files/'
Try ' CP--help ' for more information.
[email protected] desktop]$ CP files/deskop/
Cp:cannot stat ' files/': not a directory
[email protected] desktop]$ CP files Files1 # #将files复制为files1
[Email protected] desktop]$ mkdir Redhat # #建立一个目录redhat
[email protected] desktop]$ CP redhat/westos/
cp:omitting directory ' redhat/'
[[email protected] desktop]$ cp-r redhat/westos/# #将redhat复制到westos目录下, you have to have-R.

-------------------------------------------End--------------------------------------------------



-----------------------------man (Not men ——。 --) Command----------------------------------
Man--->manual (manual)
Man 1 passwd # #其中的1可以省略 because the 1+ parameter equals the parameter
Man 5 passwd # #查看系统文件 (this 5 can not be omitted)

++++ the specific use of this should be the ++++++
Man level target
Man 1 File name # # # #查找命令的帮助
Man 5 file name # # # #查找配置文件的帮助
Man Exit # # #按q

Quick usage of +++++++++man ++++++++


/Keyword # # #搜索关键字并且高亮显示结果
N # # #向下匹配高亮结果
N # # #向上匹配高亮结果
Pagup # # #向上滚动一个屏幕
Pagdown # # #向下滚动一个屏幕
Up Key # # #向上滚动一行
Next Key # # #向下滚动一行
D # # #向下滚动半个屏幕
U # # #向上滚动半个屏幕
G # # #回到man的最前面
G # # #回到man的最后面
Q # # #退出man页面

------------------------------------------------End--------------------------------------------------

Management----------------------for--------------------------------------------output

------------------------
Execute under normal user
Find/etc-name passwd
Output
Find: '/etc/pki/ca/private ': Permission denied
Find: '/etc/pki/rsyslog ': Permission denied
Find: '/etc/audit ': Permission denied
/ETC/PASSWD # # #正确输出
Find: '/ETC/POLKIT-1/RULES.D ': Permission denied
Find: '/etc/polkit-1/localauthority ': Permission denied
Find: '/etc/dhcp ': Permission denied
Find: '/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active ': Permission denied
Find: '/etc/lvm/archive ': Permission denied
Find: '/etc/lvm/backup ': Permission denied
Find: '/etc/lvm/cache ': Permission denied
Find: '/ETC/GRUB.D ': Permission denied
/ETC/PAM.D/PASSWD # # #正确输出
Find: '/etc/audisp ': Permission denied
Find: '/etc/firewalld ': Permission denied
Find: '/etc/cups/ssl ': Permission denied
Find: '/etc/ipsec.d ': Permission denied
Find: '/etc/libvirt ': Permission denied
Find: '/ETC/SUDOERS.D ': Permission denied
Find: '/etc/named ': Permission denied # #其余都是错误输出
-

+++++++++++ How to manage output ++++++++++

Find/etc-name passwd > File # # # #重定向正确输出
Find/etc-name passwd 2> File # # # #重定向错误输出
Find/etc-name passwd &> File # # # #重定向所有输出
Find/etc-name passwd >> File # # #追加正确输出
Find/etc-name passwd 2>> File # # # #追加错误输出
Find/etc-name passwd &>> File # # # #追加输出
Find/etc-name passwd > File 2>&1 # # # #重新定义错误输出为正确

++++++++++++++ The following is the actual combat +++++++++++++++

[Email protected] desktop]$ find/etc/-name passwd 2> file2
# #存放错误的信息, # #在 Find a file named passwd in the/etc directory and put the wrong/correct information in the File2 file (redirected error Output)

[Email protected] desktop]$ find/etc/-name passwd > file
# #存放正确的信息 (redirect correct output)

[Email protected] desktop]$ find/etc/-name passwd &> file
# #无论正确还是错误信息都存放 (redirect all outputs)

[Email protected] desktop]$ >file
# #清空file里存储的信息

[[email protected] desktop]$ WC file
# #查看是否清空 ———— >0 0 0 file

Another way is to not want the information to be overwritten and put him behind the file:
[Email protected] desktop]$ find/etc/-name passwd >> file
# #在file文件里追加正确信息 (append correct output)
[Email protected] desktop]$ find/etc/-name passwd 2>> file
# #在file文件里追加错误的信息 (append error Output)
[Email protected] desktop]$ find/etc/-name passwd &>> file
# #在file文件里追加以上两种信息 (Append output)

Find/etc-name passwd > File 2>&1 # # # #重新定义错误输出为正确

-------------------------------------------------End------------------------------------------------


-----------------------------------------------Pipe character (|)------------------------------------------
Function: Let the output handle the input
1 tee ———————— > copy an output
2 > ———————— > Saved output
3 2>&1 | ———————— > Convert error Output to correct again by pipeline

++++++++++++ Classroom Exercises: +++++++++++
1 [[Email protected] desktop]$ find/etc/-name passwd 2>1 | Cat-b |tee File|wc-l
# #只要正确的信息 and dump it into file


2 Select 8-10 lines in the message save and display the number of rows
[Email protected] desktop]$ cat-b/etc/passwd File | head-10 |tail-3|tee File

3 Show all information and display the number of lines
[Email protected] desktop]$ cat-b/etc/passwd file
---------------------------------------------------End------------------------------------------


-----------------------------------------------VIM Basic Operation---------------------------------------
1. Command mode
Set
vim/etc/file name
+++++++++++++ keyword search +++++++++++++++
/keywords
N Match down
N Up match

Exit mode of 2.vim
Enter in command mode
: Q # # #退出, can be used when no changes have been made to the file
: q! # # #强制退出
: Wq # # #退出保存
: wq! # # #强制退出保存
--------------------------------------------------End--------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------a text editor in a drawing gedit-----------------------------------

Crtl+n # #新建窗口
Ctrl+s # #保存文件
Ctrl+o # #打开文件
Ctrl+x # #剪切
Ctrl + V # #粘贴
CTRL + C # #复制
For Giedit software help view can be used
Yelp Help:gedit
----------------------------------------------------End-------------------------------------------------

Linux Learning Note Two