Linux Learning Notes (10) Text editor vim

Vim is a powerful full-screen text editor, Linux/unix's most commonly used text editor, to Create, edit, and display text files . vim is characterized by no menus, only commands .

Vim mainly has three kinds of working modes, namely command mode, insert mode and edit mode . The relationship between the three can be expressed as:

1 Vim common operation (1) Insert command

Command	Role
A	Insert in the word specifier the cursor
A	Insert at the end of the line where the cursor is
I	Insert in the word match either the cursor
I	Insert at the beginning of the cursor
O	Insert a new line under the cursor
O	Insert a new line on the cursor

(2) Positioning command

Command	Role
: Set Nu	Set line number
: Set Nonu	Cancel line number
Gg	To the first line
G	To the last line
NG	to Nth row
: N	to Nth row
$	Move to end of line
0	Move to the beginning of the line

(3) Delete command

Command	Role
X	Delete the character at the cursor location
Nx	Delete the first n characters at the cursor location
Dd	Delete the cursor in the row
Dg	Delete the line from the cursor to the end of the file
Ndd	Delete n rows after the cursor line (including the current row)
D	Delete the cursor at the end of the line
: n1,n2d	Delete a specified range of rows

(4) Copy and cut commands

Command	Role
Yy	Copy when moving forward
Nyy	Copy the following n rows of the current row (including the current row)
Dd	Cut when moving forward
Ndd	Cut the following n rows of the current row (including the current row)
P,p	Paste at the current cursor row or line

(5) Replacement and cancellation commands

Command	Role
R	Replaces the character at which the cursor is located
R	To replace a character from where the cursor is, press ESC to end
U	Cancel the previous action

(6) Search and search replacement commands

Command	Role
/string	Searches for the specified string, ignoring case when searching: Set IC, canceling ignore: Set Noic
N	Searches for the next occurrence of the specified string
:%s/old/new/g	Replace the specified string with full text
: n1,n2s/old/new/g	Replace a specified string within a certain range

Where g means not to ask for confirmation, if it is C, it means asking for confirmation.

(7) Save and Exit commands

Command	Role
: W	Save changes
: w New_filename	Save as specified file
: Wq	Save changes and exit
Zz	Shortcut keys, save changes and exit
: q!	Do not save changes and exit
: wq!	Save changes and exit (the file owner and root can use)

2. Vim Usage Tips

(1) Import the contents of a file into a text file in the following format:

: R file Name

Example: Create the Test text, write the following, copy the contents of the/etc/issue to the test text

VI testi am ws. what's your name? My name is Limingi am glad.

Insert the contents of the issue in the next line of the last line, enter in command mode: R/etc/issue, you can get:

I am ws. what's your name? My name is Limingi am glad-See you!  6.5  (Final) Kernel \ r on a \m

(2) in the case of not exiting Vim, execute the corresponding operation command, in the form of:

:! command

Example: executing the LS command in command mode

I am glad to see you!  6.5  (Final) Kernel \ R on an \m:! ls  Write last change]anaconda-ks.cfg  install. Log   Install. Log.syslog

(3) The result of the import command execution is equivalent to synthesizing the first two , in the form of:

: R! command

Example: Add a date at the end of the text of test, and enter in command mode: R!date, the result is:

I am ws. what's your name? My name is Limingi am glad-See you!  6.5  (Final) Kernel \ r on an \mfri  Jan2:xx:55   -

(4) Define shortcut keys

You can define shortcut keys for commonly used commands in the following format:

Map Shortcut Trigger command

Note: the creation of shortcut keys requires that you press ctrl+v+ to create a shortcut letter

Example 1: Create a shortcut to add an annotation # at the beginning of the line, just enter in command mode: Map ^p i#<esc>, where ^p is ctrl+v+p at the same time, i# is the beginning of the insertion of the comment character #,<esc> Indicates exiting edit mode to command mode.

Then execute ctrl+p on the first line to get the following results:

#I am ws. what's your name? My name is Limingi am glad-See you!  6.5  (Final) Kernel \ r on an \mfri  Jan2:xx:55   -

Example 2: create a shortcut key to delete the beginning of the line comment #, enter in command mode: Map ^b 0x.

Example 3: Create a shortcut key for a mailbox under the current cursor and enter the following command in command mode:

: Map ^h [email protected]

(5) A continuous comment line, which is similar to the search for replace command 1. (6). If you add the comment # to multiple lines in a row, enter the following command in command mode:

: n1,n2s/^/#/g

where ^ indicates the beginning of the line

In contrast, canceling continuous line comments allows you to enter the following command in command mode:

: n1,n2s/^#//g

If a "//" is used to denote an annotation, a continuous comment line can enter the following command in command mode:

: n1,n2s/^/\/\//g

where "\" represents an escape character.

Example: Add//comment to the first two lines in the test text:

// I am ws. // What ' s your name? My name is Limingi am glad-See you!  6.5  (Final) Kernel \ r on an \mfri  Jan2:xx:55   -

(6) Replacement

In a text file, you can replace a string with another string, such as replacing mail with [email protected] with the following command format:

: AB Mail [email protected]

Then write to mail in the text, press the space or enter key to automatically replace mail with [email protected].

The shortcut keys or replacements that are usually set will disappear when the system restarts, and if you want to save the definition or replacement of shortcut keys for a long time, you can write the configuration file in each user's home directory (such as root in/root, user/home/user). VIMRC (Root as/ROOT/.VIMRC) , and then write the required command in edit mode in the configuration file, with no colon (:) at the beginning of the line.

Linux Learning Notes (10) Text editor vim