Linux Simple to use

Linux Simple to use

1. Basic Commands

Create directory Patha:mkdir Patha

Go to catalogue PATHA:CD Patha

View Catalog contents: ls

To view the files in the directory for more information: Ls-l, can also be: ll (l is lowercase l, don't look wrong)

Copy file FileA to directory Patha (same-level directory premise): CP FileA PATHB

Copy directory Patha (including all directories) to directory PATHB (same-level directory premise): Cp-r Patha PATHB

deleting files Filea:rm FileA

Delete directory Patha (including all of the directories): Rm-r Patha

Move all of the/usr/test directories to the current directory: mv/usr/test/*.

Package Patha in gzip compression: Tar zcvf pathA.tar.gz Patha

Decompression PathA.tar.gz:tar ZXVF pathA.tar.gz

Establish a soft connection for FileA slfilea:ln-s FileA Slfilea (L is lowercase l, don't look wrong)

Establish a hard connection Hlfilea:ln FileA Hlfilea for FileA

View All processes: Ps-aux

Kill a process (specify process with process ID): kill-9 process ID

Refresh Displays the end of the FileA (actual work used to view the log dynamically): Tail-f FileA

Emptying FileA (such as emptying log files): Truncate-s 0 FileA

2. file Permissions

View information about permissions in the current directory: Ls-l

The first field of the output is the encoding that describes the file and directory permissions.

The first character of the field gem file type:

-Representative documents

D Stands for Directory

L representative Link

C stands for the character type device

b Represents a block device

n Represents a network device

The following three characters define 3 access rights:

R stands for file readable

W stands for file writable

X represents file Executable

Access rights are divided into three groups, a set of three characters (RWX), if there is no permission to use "-". The first set of objects of the owner, the second set of objects of the genus Group, the third group of the system to provide other users.

Example: The owner of the Readme.txt file is given readable writable, and other read-only permissions are granted: chmod 644 Readme

3.Vim Simple to use

View FileA files: Vim FileA

Edit FileA file: Vim FileA---> Insert key---> Move cursor to edit---> Edit End Press ESC to end edit

Save and exit Edit Filea:shift key +;---> Wq---> Enter

Discard previous changes and exit: SHIFT +;--->!q---> Enter

Free copy: v---> Move the mouse to select what needs to be copied (starting at the cursor start position)---> y

Copy one line: yy

Copy all: GG---> v---> Shift key +g---> y

Free Cut: v---> Move the mouse to select what needs to be copied (starting at the cursor start position)---> D

Paste: P

Find test: Enter the command in VIM:/test (press N again to find the next, press N to look up)

The basic Linux commands below are basically available commands, with only a few common parameters added.

1. CD: Switch directoriescd /root
2. mkdir: Creating Files

• mkdir /root/testCreating directories requires that the root directory exists
• mkrir -p /root/testLooping through the creation of catalogs

1. Touch: Create Text

• touch /test.txt

1. Vim: Text editing, Vim divided into edit mode and instruction mode

• Input I into edit mode in instruction mode, ESC exits edit mode to instruction mode
• In instruction mode, enter the line number to exit as a ;q forced exit for exit :wq after saving q! ：set nu

1. Echo: Print contentecho "this is out"

1. Cat: View Contentcat 文件名
2. CP: Copying files

• cp test.txt /root/testAssignment test to Path/root/test
• cp -apr /root/test /root/testcopyCopy Directory

1. PWD: View current path

1. MV: Moving filesmv test.sh /root/test
2. RM: Deleting files

• rm test.txtDelete this file
• rm -fr /root/test-r: Delete this directory-F: No prompt message, delete directly

1. grep: You can pass regular expressions when filtering

• grep ‘test’ d*Displays all rows that contain test in a file that begins with D.
• grep ‘[a-z]\{5\}’ aaDisplays all rows that contain a string of at least 5 consecutive lowercase characters for each string.

1. Head: Displays the n rows of the file's head

• head -n 5 log2014.logDisplay the first five lines, default to the first 10 rows

1. Tail: Displays n rows at the end of a file

• tail -n 5 log2014.logPrint n rows from tail default to 10

1. Find: Finding

• Results in find can be handled by pipelines
• find -name filename #查找名为filename的文件

1. SEQ: print n digits

• seq 1 5Printed from 1 to 5
• seq 1 2 5Print from 1 to 5 with a step size of 2
• seq -s "z" 1 5Connect the 1-5 with Z.1z2z3z4z5

1. SED: A good line of action

• sed -n /a/p t.txtFilter output specified content -n //Output only filter result /a //filter rule (contains a)// /p Output
• sed -n 20,30p t.txtTake 20-30 rows of output
• sed -i s#aaa#goo#g t.txtReplace AAA in T.txt with Goo, -i //Replace file contents

1. Xargs:xargs to do some file operation with the channel, for example, find -type f -name "*.log"|xargs -i rm {} Delete all the log types of files

• -i: parameter can replace the standard output of the pipeline directly with {}find -type f -name "*.log"|xargs -i rm {}
• -I: parameter requires the substitution character to be specified beforehandfind -type f -name "*.log"|xargs -I {c} rm {c}
• find / -type f -name "t.txt"|xargs -i sed s#aa#mmmmm#gChange the contents of all files named T.txt to Mmmmm

1. awk: An operation that specializes in columns

• awk -F "," ‘{print $1}‘ localhost.2017-10-12.logFind the first column in a file, split

Linux Simple to use