Popular Linux notes (1)

Linux directory architecture/root directory/bin Common commands binary file contents/boot stores files that must be read when the system starts, including/boot/GRUB/menu including the core (kernel. LST grub settings/boot/vmlinuz kernel/boot/initrd core unlock required RAM disk/dev system peripheral devices/ETC system related settings file/etc/dir_colors set color/etc/hostname set the user's node name/etc/networking. Only Yes indicates that the network exists/etc/host. the conf file describes how the user's system queries the node name/etc/hosts and sets the corresponding table/etc/hosts for the user's own IP address and name. allow settings allow machines that use inetd to use/etc/hosts. the deny setting does not allow machines that use inetd to use/etc/hosts. equiv Set remote machine without password/etc/inetd. conf sets the configuration of the system network daemon inetd/etc/gateways and sets the vro/etc/protocols to set the protocols supported by the system/etc/named. boot sets the local machine to name the server's configuration file/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 to set IP/etc/resolv. conf sets the DNS/etc/X11 X Window configuration file, Xorg. conf or xf86config the two X server's preset hosts/etc/fstab records the file system to be mounted upon startup/etc/inittab sets what the INIT process will set the system to when the system starts runlevel/etc/issue records the information displayed before logon/etc/group sets the user's group name and related information/etc/passwd account information /Etc/shadow password information/etc/sudoers can be set in the configuration file/etc/securetty Of The sudo command to allow the root user to log on to/etc/login. the default/etc/exports configuration for all defs users to log on to/etc/init. d. All the server's preset scripts are stored here. For example, you need to activate or disable/etc/xinetd. d/This is the configuration item/etc/modprobe of the server in the region managed by the super daemon. additional parameter settings for the conf kernel module/etc/syslog. conf log setting file/home user's home directory/lib system will use the function library/lib/modules kernel related modules/var/lib/RPM suite installation/lost + found System when an exception occurs, some missing fragments will be placed under this category/ Mount point of MNT peripherals/virtual directory of software/proc installed on the/media and/mnt similar to/OPT host, is the memory ing/proc/version kernel version/proc/sys/kernel system kernel function/root system administrator's home directory/sbin system administrator can execute commands/srv some services after the action, the resources required for these services are/tmp, which is the largest directory of the local/usr In the case when a general user or a program is being written, save applications and files/usr/x11r6: X-window directory/usr/src: Linux source code/usr/include: the system header file/usr/openwin stores Sun's openwin/usr/man online user manual/usr/bin users can upload binary files. contents/usr of the binary file in the row The/lib system will use the function library/usr/local/lib system will use the function library/usr/sbin system administrator can execute the command/usr/local/sbin system administrator can execute command/var log file/var/log/secure logs log on to the system to access data, for example, POP3, ssh, telnet, FTP, and so on will all remember the information of the/var/log/wtmp reporter login in this case, last/var/log/messages depends on the generation of dynamic transmission messages/var/log/boot. when Log service is enabled or when some services are active, indicates whether the specified dynamic or related messages/var/log/maillog have been accessed or retrieved (Sendmail and POP3) user logs/var/log/cron logs crontab content of this routine service/var/log/httpd,/var/log/news, /Var/log/mysqld. log,/var/log/samba,/var/log/procmail. log: some common basic commands are used to remember different network services: uname-a view kernel version LS-Al display all file properties PWD display current path CD-return the last directory Cd ~ Return home directory date s set time, date Cal Show Calendar Cal 2006bc calculator with Man & info help manual locale show current font locale-A all available fonts/etc/sysconfig/i18n set file lang = en use the English font sync to write data to the hard drive shutdonw-H now & Half & poweroff shutdown reboot restart startx & init 5 to enter the graphic interface/Work &? Click work to search for the document content. Change the chgrp testing of the archive group to install. log chown changed its owner chown root: Root install. logchmod changed the attribute chmod 777 install. log READ = 4 Write = 2 execute = 1cp copy CP filenamerm delete file Rm-RF filename force delete file rmdir Delete folder MV move MV 123.txt 222.txt rename mkdir create folder touch create file update current time cat is displayed starting from the first line. Cat | more pages. nl adds the row number more & less to the content to flip the head-N filename to display the tail-N filename to display the last n rows. content OD display non-pure document DF-H display partition Space Du display directory or file size fdisk partition settings fdisk-L/dev/hda display hard disk partition status mkfs establish various file systems mkfs-T ext3/dev/ram15 fsck check and repair Linux File ln hard link ln-S software link whereis SEARCH Command locate find/-name "***. * ** "which viewing tool whoami display current user gcc-V view GCC version chattr + I filename prohibit deletion chattr-I filename cancel disable lsattr display hidden file attribute updatedb update database mke2fs format mkfs -T ext3 dd If =/etc/passwd of =/tmp/passwd. bak backup Mount list all system partitions Mount-T iso9660/dev /CDROM/mnt/CDROM Mount disk Mount-T vfat/dev/fd0/mnt/Floppy Mount disk Mount-T vfat-O iocharset = utf8, umask = 000/dev/hda2/mnt/hda2 Mount FAT32 partition Mount-t ntfs-o nls = utf8, umask = 000/dev/hda3/mnt/hda3 mount the NTFS partition Linux-NTFS project: http://linux-ntfs.sourceforge.net/umount/mnt/hda3 mounted ifconfig display or set network device service network restart Nic ifdown eth0 disable Nic IFUP eth0 enable Nic clear screen history! 55. Execute the 55th command stty to set the Job Schedule of the terminal stty-afdisk/MBR to delete the grubat worker. The crontab runs the routine command of the worker line [e] for editing, [l] display, [R] Delete the task and run the background program tar-zxvf 123.tar.gz & ---------> run jobs in the background to watch the program jobs-LFG paused in the background and set the background program to fg n in the foreground ------> N is a number, you can specify the program BG to enable the worker to run the kill termination process in the background. Kill-9 PID [9] is forcibly terminated, and [15] Ends normally, [l] list available kill signal PS aux view background program top-D 2 update every two seconds top-D 2-p10604 watch a PID top-B-n 2>/tmp/top.txt -----> perform the top information twice, then, the result is output to/tmp/top.txt pstree. The program [a] is displayed in a tree chart, and the PID is listed in [u, [P] to list accounts for killall, You need to delete a certain service (killall-9 httpdfree) to display the memory status free-M --------> display the uptime in MB. display the current system boot time netstat to display the network status netstat-tulnp ------> Find the network type and piddmesg that have been listened to on the current system and display the boot information demsg | morenice sets the priority nice-n-5 VI & -----> use root give a nice image-5, when using dynamic row VI renice to adjust existing priority runlevel display current runleveldepmod Analysis of dependency of loaded modules lsmod show loaded system module modinfo display information of kernel module insmod loading module modprobe Automatic Processing check chkconfig of the rmmod deletion module of the loadable module, set various system services chkconfig -- list -----> list various service statuses ntsysv set various system service cpio backup files