Principles of computer composition

Summary of the principle of computer composition1. Overview

Computer composition refers to the implementation of the properties embodied in machine architecture, which includes many hardware details that are transparent to the programmer.

Including the implementation of instructions, that is, how to take instructions, analysis instructions, take operands, operations, send results and so on.

Computers include software systems and hardware systems.

Hardware systems include hosts and peripherals.

host includes main memory, CPU, I/O interface, System bus. Peripherals, such as I/O devices.

The CPU includes the operator and the controller.

The operators include: ALU (arithmetic logic unit), ACC (accumulator), MQ (multiplier-quotient Register), and general-purpose registers.

The controller includes: CU (Control Unit), IR (integer register) instruction register, PC (program Counter) procedure counter.

Some computer CPUs also include the MAR (memory address register) memory location register, the MDR (Memory data register) memory register.

2. Notes

Host and peripherals, memory (FAST) DMA mode, other (slow) interrupt mode

Clock cycle, not the main clock cycle of the CPU, is the sum of the main clock cycles that complete a task

Micro-instruction, micro-operation

ins-> micro Directive {ΜI,ΜP}->CM (Control memory) {Cmar, CMDR}

Crossover, home appliance, signal, frequency, modulus

{Address line, address decoder}, {data line, control line, memory}

{Synchronous clock, asynchronous handshake}

{Combined Circuit (no memory): Adder, encoder, decoder, multiple choice, shift}

{Sequential circuit (with memory): Trigger, D latch, register, counter}

{SRAM, bistable circuit}

{DRAM, post-read regenerative circuitry}

A port is a number of registers in an interface circuit, a data port, a control port, a status port (information based on a register).

Several ports, together with the corresponding control logic, can form an interface.

Principles of computer composition