Shell Script (ii)

Shell Script (ii)

#find查找文件 to find based on time, name, UID, GID, permissions, size, etc.

A file or directory accessed within #-amin-10:10 minutes; a file or directory accessed +10:10 minutes ago. The time unit is minutes.

#查找10分钟之前30分钟之内访问过的文件或目录

Find/home-amin +10-a-amin-30

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Files or directories accessed within #-atime-2:48 hours, or files or directories accessed +2:48 hours ago.

#时间单位为24小时, i.e. 2*24=48 hours.

#查找1天之前3天之内访问过的文件或目录

find/var/log/-atime +1-a-atime-30-exec ls-l {} \;

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A file or directory in which permission properties have been modified within #-cmin-2:2 minutes; + 2: The file or directory where the permission properties were modified 2 minutes ago. The time unit is minutes.

#查找2分钟之前60分钟之内修改过权限的文件或目录

Find/home-cmin +2-a-cmin-60

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#-ctime-2:48 the file or directory in which the permission attribute was modified within the hour, or +2:48 the file or directory in which the permission properties were modified before the hour. The time unit is 24 hours, i.e. 2*24=48 hours.

#查找3天之前5天之内修改过权限属性的文件或目录

find/var/log/-ctime +3-a-ctime-5-exec ls-l {} \;

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Files or directories that have changed content within #-mmin-2:2 minutes; + 2:2 minutes ago Modified the content of the file # or directory, the time unit is minutes.

#查找1分钟之前30分钟之内修改过文件内容的文件或目录

Find/home-mmin +1-a-mmin-30

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A file or directory in which content was modified within #-mtime-2:48 hours, or a file or directory in which the content was modified +2:48 hours ago. The time unit is 24 hours, i.e. 2*24=48 hours.

#查找1天之前30天之内修改过内容的文件或目录

Find/home-mtime +1-a-mtime-30

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#-uid (+ or-) value (0): 10: Indicates less than 10;+1: Indicates size or no +-5: equals 5

#在当前目录下查找uid a =0 file or directory

Find. -uid 0

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#-gid (+ or-) value (0): 10: Indicates less than 10;+1: Indicates size or no +-5: equals 5

#在当前目录下查找gid a =0 file or directory

Find. -gid 0

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#-name find a file or directory name: You can use the *, + match

#查找/var/log/all files ending with. log

Find/var/log/*.log

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#查找当前目录下uid >0,gid<2223 files or directories

Find. -uid +0-gid-2223

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#-perm mode:

#-Value: Mode is converted to binary, 1 of the four values must be matched, such as 0700 (111000000).

#0700-7777 are matched to each other and can be understood to be more than 0700 matched

#查找权限大于744的文件或目录, because mode 1th is 7, all 1, so all master

#权限不为7的都不会符合, the group privilege value is 4, 5 (4+1), 7 (4+2+1), and the phase has 1

#符合要求, other permissions require the same as group permissions, so the test catalog meets the requirements

Find. -perm-744

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#+ Value: Mode is converted to binary, four values bits any of the 1 places

#有其中1个值相与等于1就可以了

#+001 matches permissions that are 1, 5 (=4+1), and 7 (=4+2+1) as long as the last permission value is

#查找包含有权限值001的文件或目录

The #user3, User4, and User5 permissions are 001 and 1, so they do not meet the requirements, while DDD

#其他权限中相与有1, so meet the requirements

#+mode can be understood as conforming to the requirements that include this mode pattern

Find. -perm +001

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#mode: Indicates equals.

#查找权限值等于001的文件或目录

Find. -perm 001

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#-size File Size:-The numeric representation is less than, + the value is greater than, no-+ + = equals.

#查找大于10k小于30k的文件或目录

Find. -size +10-size-30k

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#查找大小等于4k的文件或目录, K can be converted to M or G

Find. -size 10k

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#-empty: Find an empty directory with a size of 0 bytes file, or no subdirectories or files in the directory

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#-exec shell command: Execute shell command on the found file or directory

#查找大于10k小于30k的文件或目录, and copy it to/tmp

Find. -size +10k-size-30k-exec CP-RF {}/tmp \;

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#whereis,-B: Find only binaries,-u: Find files that do not contain the specified type,-B: only the specified

#录查找二进制文件,-M: whenever you find a Help file in the specified directory

#-s: Find source files only in specified directory

Search under #whereis只会在 $PATH path

Whereis ls

#aaa文件在/home, not in $path, so the search is not

Whereis AAA

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#which, find the executable file and list specific additional information if it is an alias command

which LS

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#locate, search in the database of established files and paths, and change the database before general search

#如果不使用updatedb更新, the newly created file cannot be searched after the system has been started.

#最小化安装是没有locate命令的, yum-y install mlocate installation

#它依赖/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db Database

Locate One_day

#新建一个文件abcd123456, and then find, because there is no updatedb, so it is not found file

Touch abcd123456

Locate abcd123456

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2. File sorting, merging and segmentation

(1) Sort command

#-c: The test file is sorted;-K: Specifies the sort field;-M: merges two sorted files;

#-n: Sort by number size;-o: Writes output to file;-r: Reverses sorting results

#-t: Changing the field delimiter;-U: Removing duplicate rows from the result

Reverse sort #将a. txt and remove duplicate rows

Sort-u-R A.txt

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#以 ":" is a delimiter that sorts/etc/passwd according to the size of the 3rd field number

SORT-T:-k3n/etc/passwd

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#合并已经排序的两个文件, the two files that need to be merged must have been sorted.

Sort-u-M A.txt b.txt

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#根据第2域来排序

Sort-k2 A.txt

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(2) Uniq command

#去除文本中重复的行,-C: Prints the number of occurrences of the first line in the text;-D: Only duplicate records are displayed.

#每个重复记录只出现一次;-U: Show only records with no duplicates

#需要特别注意的是所说的 "Repetition" refers to repeated occurrences! such as file Test.txt content:

1

1

2

1

Uniq-c Test.txt

#结果为, the 1th row number 1 appears as 2, the 2nd row number 2 appears 1, the 4th number 1 appears 1

2 1

1 2

1 1

#再如

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#如果需要统计文件中所有重复的行, you need to sort it first

Sort 10.txt | Uniq-c 10.txt

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#注意与uniq-C 10.txt Difference

#只显示重复的行, notice the difference.

Uniq-d 10.txt

Sort 10.txt | Uniq-d 10.txt

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#只显示没有重复的行, note the comparison of the result of removing duplicate rows before and after file sorting

#因为第1行开始数字1连续出现3次, so Uniq-u 10.txt will not show 1 on line 1th

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(3) Join command

shell script (ii)