[Soft test] Computer System

Concept

A computer system consists of two parts: computer hardware and software. Hardware includes a central processor, memory, and external devices. Software is a computer program and relevant documentation. The computer system can receive and store information, quickly calculate and judge based on programs, and output processing results. This article mainly starts from the hardware part and gives a general understanding.

Study highlights (reference outline)

Memory composition and features performance indicators

Interface control methods and features

Pipeline definition and Operation Features

Multi-level storage system

Series parallel system features and reliability Measurement

Knowledge Overview

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Familiarity

1. Address image and method in the cache

Address image: When the CPU is working, it sends out the primary address. Instead, it should convert the primary address into the cache address from the read/write information in the cache.

 Cache:Take water for example. The water dispenser is a memory, so the cache is equivalent to a paper cup. With cache, it is much faster than drinking plain water at any time.

Address image:Suppose James is a new student. He only knows where the water dispenser is, but we finally use paper cups to drink water. In this case, we need to establish a guide to know where to find the water cup from the water dispenser. This process is our address image. (Compare the concept of address image: When the CPU is working, the Master Address is sent, and the master address should be converted into the cache address from the read/write information in the cache .)

 Three methods: direct image, fully-connected image, and group-connected Image

①: Direct image

The water heater on the first floor writes the paper cup on the first floor. That is, the first floor can only use the first floor of the paper cup.

②: Fully Connected Image

Water Heaters on the entire floor can use paper cups on the entire floor.

③: Associated images

For example, grouping allows a group of two layers. Three or four layers are a group. A second-level water heater can use a second-level paper cup.

Water heaters with one or two layers cannot use three or four layers of paper cups.

 

2. Virtual Memory

Virtual memory seems to have a virtual primary storage space that is much larger than the actual primary storage and can put down the entire program.

 

Water Heaters in the home are generally directly connected to the tap water pipe, with electricity (dangerous) inserted ). So we have been taking a shower and hot water. Not all the hot water we use is burned during the bath. When taking a bath, first use the already burned water, and then inject the water from the tap water pipe into the water heater to heat up.

In this case, the water heater seems to have a much larger space than the actual storage. Virtual Memory.

 

3 CPU memory bus I/O collaboration

Contact us in a non-official language.

Life scenario-eat: I saw delicious food and started eating! One bite of food, things pass through the esophagus into the stomach.

Translated into computer: I/O interface input delicious information, CPU issued the command: Eat! I/O interfaces input a little bit of information, and the information passes through the bus to the memory.

 

Summary

The above is the basic content of the computer system, of course, we also have a more basic data content.

In the past, there was always some debate about whether computers would surpass the human brain. The point is that when we learn computer knowledge, we can contact our brains and our lives. You can think about the features of each hardware, the problems to be solved, and how to work collaboratively. Teacher Mi's teaching and learning should be linked with life and old knowledge. Everything is interrelated.

Learning continues. The summary is constantly updated. We welcome criticism and correction.

[Soft test] Computer System