Summary of common common commands for Linux

Recently in learning Linux from 0, it took 10 days to get basic commands and a realistic use of operational learning points fur. Many Linux commands are summarized here for review

Directory structure:

/: root directory, usually under the sub-directory, not put files;

/dev: Stores the device files under the Linux system and accesses a device in that directory, equivalent to accessing a device;

/root: System administrator directory;

/home: The Default User directory of the system;

/lost+found: System Abnormal error is, will put some missing fragments here, this can open to see (I have not seen);

/etc: Storage System configuration file;

/lib: The directory of function libraries used by the system;

Common commands

Init 3: Graphical interface to character interface, Init 5: Character-type interface to graphical interface;

Tab: File path is not complete, command is not complete;

CTRL + C: terminates a running program;

User Management commands: permissions only for Superuser

Add user Useradd useradd SMB generates a directory with the same name as the user name in the/home/directory.

Deleting a user Userdel Userdel SMB removes the user/userdel-r SMB "-r" option that is named SMB to remove the User Directory page under the/home directory

Modify password passwd passwd SMB

Switch User su su-smb/su-root switch to Super user to enter password

Add user group Groupadd Groupadd group1

Delete user group Groupdel Groupadd group1

View Catalog ls ls/home/(note: no hidden files) ls-a/home/(Note: contains hidden files) ls-l/home/(with details similar to ll/home/)

Modify the File working directory CD Cd/home (go to home directory) CD. (Return to previous directory) CD-(recall the directory where the last action was) CD. /..

Copy the file or directory CP cp/home/test.txt/root/(copy the test.txt from the home directory to the root directory) cp-r/home/dir1/root/(copy directory)

Move or rename a file | directory MV mv/home/hello.c/home/hello1.c (renaming a file in the home directory) mv/home/hello.c/tmp/(move the file under the home directory to the TMP directory)

mv/home/dir/tmp/(The directory dir under home is clipped to TMP)

Create directory mkdir mkdir/home/mydir (create mydir directory in home directory) mkdir-p/HOME/DIR1/DIR2/DIR3 (Create multiple directories consecutively)

Delete File | directory rm rm/home/hello.c (delete file) rm-r/home/dir1 (delete directory)

Change file access rights chmod chmod who +|-|=mode/home/hello.c chmod u+x/home/hello.c Modify permissions for user users who:u file owner, G file group, o Other user, a all users

Mode + Add permission,-cancel Permission, = Assign a permission. chmod 777/home/hello.c

View Directory size du Du/home

View current absolute path pwd pwd

Compress unzip command *.gz--gzip command compressed file, *.bz2--bzip2 command compressed file, *.tar---Tar command package file *.tar.bz2---Tar command package bzip2 compressed file

Gzip Compress unzip the file gzip/root/hello.c The result is hello.c.gz decompression gzip-d/root/hello.c.gz

BZIP2 compressed Extract file bzip2/root/hello.c hello.c.bz2 decompression bzip2-d/root/hello.c.bz2

Package Command Tar

Tar cvf tmp.tar/tmp (package directory as a file) tar xvf Tmp.tar unpack the files

Tar cvzf tmp.tar.gz/tmp (Package the catalog and gzip compress) tar ivzf tmp.tar.gz unpack the files

Tar cvzf tmp.tar.bz2/tmp tar ivzf tmp.tar.bz2

Disk Management commands:

Loading CD Mount Mount/dev/cdrom/mnt

Unmount the disc umount umount/mnt

Create a new file Touch touch NewFile

View File Size files NewFile

File Link ln hard link ln oldfile hlink soft link ln-s oldfile slink soft-hard link difference and contact:

Find command:

To be Continued ...

User and User Group field analysis:

Linux is a multi-user OS, where users have the information and information to save.

One row of records in/etc/passwd corresponds to a user, each row is divided into seven fields

Eg:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/...

1 User name, 2 user password, 3 UID (user identifier), 4 GID (user group), 5 user name, 6 user home directory, 7 user's command parser

The system administrator UID is 0, the normal user uid is 500--6000; The system user UID is 1--499.

File attribute Analysis:

Linux is a typical multi-user system, in order to protect the security of the system, different users access to the same file permissions to make provisions

EG-RWX|R-X|-WX 1 root root 890 Nov 7 22:41 config

1 file access 0 bit file type, '-' normal file; 1-3bit file owner access rights, 4-6bit file group access rights, 7-9bit other user access rights. Note: r: Readable, W: writable, x: Execute.

2 Files 3 file owner 4 file belongs to Group 5 file The University 6 file creation time 7 filename

Summary of common common commands for Linux