Summary of common linux commands

1. Linux directory Operation Command------ Directory addition, deletion, modification, and query ------Cd, Pwd, ls, mkdir, mv, ls (du, df,Tree)Switch directory, similar to the use of windows, the detailed information of the cd display directory is ls-ld, which is directly switched to the root directory cd/create the oracle directory mkdir/export lels-ld/oracledrwxr-xr-x 2 root under the root directory root 4096 Jun 21/oracle create multiple directories at a time mkdir-p/u01/app/oracle show the path of the current folder pwd When deleting the oracle directory show confirm rm-r/oracle Delete oracle when the directory is not displayed, confirm rm-rf/oracle to change the oracle directory name to oracle1mv/oracle oracle1 move the oracle directory to the/tmp directory mv/oracle/tmp to display the details of a directory ls oracle-ld view disk space df-h df/tmp display the structure tree/tmp of the tmp directory in the tree form view the path of all files in the tmp folder du/tmp copy files to a directory cp source dest2Linux File Operation commands------ File addition, deletion, modification, and query ------Touch, Cat, more, less, tail, head, rm-f, mv, cp,ViCreate the test text file touch testvi to open the file mode, and display the line number command: set number view the content of the test document cat test view the content of the test document the first 10 lines head-10 test view the content of the test document the last 10 lines tail-10 test network login Local Machine ssh localhost Real-Time monitor the logon information. tail-f/var/log/messagestail-f/var/log/secure displays the test text on the page, press space key to display the next page, press q to exit more test page to display the test text content, press Space key to display the next page, and press q to exit, press the up/down key to flip down the less testtest file and rename it to test1mv test test1. Move the test file to the mv test file in the upper-level directory .. /move the above-level file test to the current directory mv .. /test. copy test1 to test2cp test1 test2 copy one directory to another directory cp-r hh dd Delete test1 file and prompt whether to delete rm test1 force Delete test1 file rm-f test1 Delete the current directory all files rm-rf * back up a file cp test. bak3Common Methods for. vi File OperationsView Mode: G (shift + g) jumps to the end of the file. gg jumps to the header of the file./search for a text starting from the end of the text? Search for a text dd from the beginning of the text delete a line ndd Delete multiple lines yy copy a line nyy copy multiple lines p paste one or more lines u undo the previous operation colon mode: w save: wq save and exit: x save and exit: q! Do not save and exit: wq! Force save and exit: set number display row number editing mode: Insert after a current character I Current Position insert o current row after append a new line after insert different modes switch between ESC4. Linux users and group operationsId oracle view User Information cd/home ls-acat/etc/passwdcat/etc/shodawuseradd oracle create oracle user useradd-u 501 oracle useradd-u 501-g root oracleuseradd-h view useradd the command briefly helps man useradd to view Detailed Help of the useradd command, open the Help file directly, q exit usermod-u 502 oracle modify user information usermod-g root oracleuserdel-r oracle Delete oracle user passwd oracle modify user password cat/etc/group view group information groupadd-g 501 dba add group info groupdel dba Delete group, if there are users in the group, delete the giduseradd-u 502-g oinstall-g dba Of The groupmod-G 501 dba Modification Group. oracle adds multiple groups to the user, su-oracle switches users, and switches user configuration files. su oracle switch user, but do not switch user configuration file permissions set r w x4 2 1rwx r-x r-xuser group others 7 5 5 root otherschwn oracle: oinstall/oracle modify a directory permission chown-R oracle: oinstall/oracle modify a directory and its sub-directory permissions ls-ld/oracle view directory permissions chmod-R 777/oracle set the directory to the maximum permission chmod-R 755/oracle modify the oracle directory and its sub-Directory Permissions is 7555Install and decompress linux software, yumFile a.tar.gz *. tartar-xvf a.tar cvf a.tar a/* .tar.gz tar-zcvf a.tar.gz atar-zxvf a.tar.gz *. gzgunzip a.gz gzip-6 a.gz *. bz2tar-jxvf a.bz2 tar-cjvf a.bz2 *. cpiocpio-idmv <. cpio * .cpio.gz zcat a.cpio.gz | cpio-idmv *. zipunzip a.zip install software rpm-ivh file. rpm filters installed software rpm-qa | grep zsh uninstall software rpm-e file. el5 view so installed software rpm-ga use yum to install software mount/dev/hdc/mntcp rhel-debuginfo.repo rhel5.repovi rhel5.repoyum configure [server] name = serverbaseurl = file: // mnt/serverenabled = 1 gpgcheck = 0 gpgkey = file: /// etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release refresh yum configuration source yum clean all use yum Installation Software yum install gcc *-yyum groupinstall6Linux host name, network configuration, and network viewSetup #################################### name eth0Device eth0Use DHCP [] Static IP 192.168.12.100Netmask 255.255.255.0Default gateway IP 192.168.12.1 ########################### ######## restart the NIC/etc/init. d/network restart view network configuration information ifconfig ethoifconfig-aip add manually modify the network configuration file vi/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
######################################## ####################### Inter Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) DEVICE = eth0BOOTPROTO = noneHWADDR = 00: 0c: 29: 9e: 72: f4ONBOOT = yesTYPE = ethernetmask = 255.255.255.0IPADDR = 192.168.12.100GATEWAY = 192.168.12.1
######################################## ###################### Modify the host domain name vi/etc/hosts
######################################## ######### 127.0.0.1 localhost. localdomain localhost :: 1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6192.168.91.10 RHL5 #################################### ##############
Vi/etc/sysconfig/network
####################### NETWORKING = yesNETWORKING_IPV6 = noHOSTNAME = RHL5GATEWAY = 192.168.91.1
###################### Immediately refresh system settings su-manually modify the domain name hostname RHL5 and exit the terminal, re-enable check whether the IP address is successfully set ping 192.168.12.100 check whether the domain name is successfully set ping RHL57. Linux disk management, storage configuration command (raw configuration), multi-path Software ConfigurationView the information of each partition fdisk-l enter the partition mode fdisk/dev/sda to make the partition operation take effect immediately partprobe format a partition mkfs. ext3/dev/sda5 mount the partition to a directory before using the mount/dev/sda5/mnt partition to cancel the mount operation umount/dev/sda5 to map the partition to a bare device, add the dba permission cd/etc/udev/rules. dvi 60-raw.rules ###################################### ################## ACTION = "add ", KERNEL = "sda5", RUN + = "/bin/raw/raw1% N" KERNEL = "raw *", OWNER = "oracle" GROUP = "dba ", MODE = "0660 "################################### #################### start_udevraw-qacat 60-raw.rules8. Oracle required parameter configurationGlobal process, thread configuration/etc/profile ########################### if [$ USER = 'oracle ']; then ulimit-u 16384 ulimit-n 65536fi ######################### switch from su-oracle to oracle user cd/oracle switch to the oracle directory to modify oracle user environment variables. bash_profile ####################################### ######### export ORACLE_BASE =/oracle/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME = $ ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/dbexport PATH = $ ORACLE_HOME/bin; $ PATH ###################################### ########## network parameter configuration/etc/sysctl. conf ####################################### ############################## Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux # # For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. see sysctl (8) and # sysctl. conf (5) for more details. # Controls IP packet forwardingnet. ipv4.ip _ forward = 0 # Controls source route verificationnet. ipv4.conf. default. rp_filter = 1 # Do not accept source routingnet. ipv4.conf. default. accept_source_route = 0 # Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernelkernel. sysrq = 0 # Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename # Useful for debugging multi-threaded applicationskernel. core_uses_pid = 1 ##################################### ################################# process and thread configuration/etc /security/limits. conf ################################### oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 ############################ #######9Graphical support required for oracle InstallationXManagerVNCxShellputty10. ssh basic operationsSsh restart/etc/init. d/sshd restartssh login to remote machine ssh 192.168.21.100 copy files to a remote host directory scp-r/oracle 192.168.12.100:/tmp11. linux optimized commandsTerminate the specified process kill-9 11024 terminate the xxx process kill-9 'ps-ef | grep xxx | grep-v grep | awk '{print $2} ''ps-ef | grep ora _ view process df-h view disk space free-m view memory vmstat 1 5 view system statistics (including cpu, mem, io, etc.) top Command s to adjust the refresh frequency, for example, change to 1, shift + P sort by CPU shift + M sort by memory shift + T sort by Time shift + U filter by user