Quantum computing has always been confusing. You need to read a lot of technical materials to understand this technology. However, quantum technology may become a reality within ten years, which will have a huge impact on the industry.
Currently, most encryption algorithms (especially public and private keys) are feasible because their mathematics makes it difficult for conventional (non-quantum) computers to solve the problem. For some real big prime numbers, perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and you will soon find that this is a very difficult mathematical problem to solve, even with billions of guesses.
If someone can develop a very fast computer, or come up with a method that is much faster than the method used to solve the encryption problem, the traditional encryption technology will be useless.
Quantum computers may be a solution, or a problem, depending on how you think about it.
Quantum science is a science that has not been fully verified
Quantum physics (or mechanics) is almost a verified field of physics. It explains many natural phenomena that traditional physics cannot interpret, often controlled by gravity. In quantum physics, a very small particle can be in two places at the same time, waves and particles, a supporting discipline behind time travel, string theory, and other seemingly distant concepts.
At the same time, only the existence of quantum mechanics can explain the operating principles of transistors, NMR imaging, and electron microscopy. If you look at the bottom of the CD-ROM carefully, you will see the colored light emitted from it, which can only be explained by quantum physics. This even made Einstein feel overwhelmed. Although quantum physics has never been proven by 100%, all the experiments used to support it have succeeded, and all the experiments used to refute it have failed.
Quantum encryption is based on quantum mechanics. Its feasibility is based on quantum computers, which rely on the superposition and entanglement of quantum. Superposition means that a single particle exists in all its possible states at the same time. The concept of entanglement is that once two particles interact with each other, even if they are separated, any action you perform on one of them will affect the other.
Quantum computer is coming soon
Although many (including many encryption experts) believe that quantum computing is almost impossible, some companies are developing light-based quantum computers, and now you can buy quantum-based products. Currently, quantum computers built and demonstrated by people are very "simple", but their creators have proved that they are feasible and can be used as transmission mechanisms, improvements are made every year. Particle computers may be very, very fast. Give them an extremely difficult mathematical problem and they should be able to solve it instantly.
When fully implemented, quantum computers will be able to crack almost all encryption today, except the secrets protected by quantum cryptography. We 'd better begin to consider ways to defend against quantum computer encryption, which should not be too late.
To protect our future passwords, we need quantum encryption routines. Perhaps the most advanced encryption institutions (such as the US National Security Agency) are already using quantum encryption. But we do not know the scope of their use of quantum encryption.
Theoretically indestructible Solutions
The feasibility of quantum encryption is that if someone tries to block the encrypted content, the behavior of viewing the encrypted content will change the content. Intruders not only cannot obtain the encrypted content, but also the authorized personnel will know that someone is trying to tamper with its secret content. In other words, quantum encryption sounds very powerful.
Unfortunately, at present, the application of quantum encryption is still very limited. We are waiting for quantum computers to develop to a sufficiently mature level and then apply them to practical applications. This is physics outside of quantum physics. Many people have proved that they can "crack" quantum-based secrets.
Currently, encryption technology is not the weakest environment. Nowadays, almost any good hacker can directly access any computer. Instead of attacking encryption, they can attack the endpoint and obtain all the secret content. This means that, regardless of these quantum theories, particle entanglement, and other theories, if you can better protect your endpoints, these will not affect you. (Compile)