The philosophical thought and file system of Linux beginners--3.4, 3.5 notes

After 3.4 or 3.5 days of study, I have a preliminary impression of Linux.

1, the procedure generally includes four kinds of documents:

① binary files can execute files; application files in Windows such as. exe and. msi format in Linux are elf formats;

② header File/library file:. dll (dynamic linced library) dynamically linked libraries in Windows so9shared object in Linux) shared library, KO (Kenel object) kernel library, a static library;

③ Help file: That is, the user manual;

④ configuration file

2, the format of the command

The format of the general case; COMMAND OPTIONS Argumenis[parameters]

Note: Spaces must be separated from each other, without limiting the number of spaces

⑴command: The action body, process, which the command wants to perform, is divided into two categories:

① internal command: commands built into the shell

② external command: commands obtained by installing the application

The type can be used to determine the difference between internal and external commands

⑵oppons: Options The attributes used by this command during execution

Short option:-char (character) can write multiple short options at a time but there must be spaces between them, e.g.-a-l-B or-abl

Long option:--word (Word) Example:--help--list cannot merge writing

Note: Some options require additional parameters;

Some options can not be "-" boot, some command options must not add "-"

The long option for some commands uses a "-"

⑶argumenis[parameters]: Parameter the Action object executed by this command

Some commands can have multiple parameters, but they must be separated by a space

Note: commands, options, and parameters must be separated by a space when writing.

Some commands can be swapped at the time of writing, and the options and parameters

The components in the command must be case-sensitive (file system strict requirements)

3. Get the use of commands help

First distinguish inside and outside commands, internal command: Help command

External command: ⑴ using--help

⑵man (Manual) Handbook

⑶info command: Get an online help document for commands

⑷ many programs have their own Help documentation

⑸ Document information in the relevant site site

Official site of the ⑹ program issuer

⑺ Search Engine Reference books

4, the philosophical thinking of Linux

⑴ All documents: Linux almost all the resources are abstracted into file form, even hardware, network communications using sockets and pipelines are so

⑵ is composed of a small number of functions, but it can accomplish complex tasks.

⑶ to avoid direct interaction with users and to automate task implementations in a programmatic way

⑷ using a plain text file to maintain program configuration information

5. The hierarchical standard of hfs--directory division

Bin: Ordinary user-accessible commands for normal operation

Boot: A static file that boots the operating system

Dev:device Devices: ① block devices: Devices that enable data storage (random access)

② character devices: Devices that enable data transfer and data processing (sequential access) The display is a character device

ETC: Storage System configuration file dedicated to the host

Home: The root of the common user home directory

LIB, lib64: directory where shared library files are stored

Media, mount point for removable devices

MNT; temporary file system mount point

opt; The third-party application installation directory, which used to be a popular part of the farm, is now basically under/user.

Root; home directory for super users

Sbin: A management class command that only the root user can execute

SRV: Storage of various service data provided by the system

TMP: Temp file directory periodic cleanup

User; third-party program installation directory, second root of Linux

/user/local: For compiling and installing third-party applications

/USER/SRC; Store program source code

var; changeable data

Pseudo file system, managing data in memory: proc:process

Sys;system

6. File type

Use the file command to see exactly what type of files you can view

The philosophical thought and file system of Linux beginners--3.4, 3.5 notes