This gives you a better understanding of common Linux software.

Now Linux is getting hotter and hotter. Do you know about Linux? This article describes common Linux software in detail and plays a certain role in learning common Linux software. Linux is a mature and stable network operating system. An important part of an operating system is the various interfaces and application software it supports. The software on Linux also has a feature that these software are free of charge.

1. Basic commands and tools

It should be said that the current Linux system has transplanted almost all the application software that can be found on the standard UNIX system, and also includes some basic commands such as ls, cp, mv, and more, linux has many text editing programs, such as vi, ed, joe, and GNU Emacs. There are also a variety of shells, such as C Shell, Bourne Shell, and Bash (GNU Bourne Again Shell), Tcsh, (C shell with many extended functions), Zsh (a small Shell similar to the Bourne shell ). Shell is a very important application software for many users. It is equivalent to a batch file in ms-dos, but shell functions are much more powerful, the shell program reads USER commands and executes them. The most important feature of shell is that it contains a command language described in the task.

The biggest difference between multiple shells in Linux is that the command language. The C shell command language is similar to the C language, and the Bourne Shell uses another language. Among them, Bash is the most widely used, which is the whole body of the Bourne Shell. It includes operations such as task control, History commands, redirection, and completion commands. With these different shells, we can design our own work environment.

2. Programming Language

Linux provides a complete UNIX programming environment, including standard libraries, programming tools, compilers, and debuggers. In UNIX environments, applications and system programs are generally designed in C or C ++. The standard C or C ++ compiler on Linux is GNU gcc, gcc is a more advanced compiler with multiple options. In addition to the C language, the compilers and interpreters of many other languages are also transplanted to Linux. For example, FORTRAN, PASCAL, PERL, and GWK. There is also an advanced Debugger gdb. It helps users to run their own programs and debug them step by step.

Linux also implements a Dynamic Link Mechanism for shared libraries, or DLL for short. In this way, the length of the binary code of the program is greatly reduced.
It is very convenient to develop applications on Linux. In addition to the language we mentioned earlier, there are also many very small and practical languages (gawk language. Etc) on Linux)

3. X Window System

X-Window is a set of standard graphic interfaces developed by MIT. The current version is X11R6.3, which is different from the graphic interfaces of windows and Macintosh. It is an independent basic graphic function calling interface of the platform, it does not include hardware and specific display styles. Therefore, X-Window is highly configurable. However, the X-Window Source Code released by MIT is not included in the implementation of specific hardware. Therefore, if you want it to run on hardware, You need to develop the corresponding hardware driver, in Linux, the X-Window system is Xfree86, and the current version is 3.3.3. It includes a variety of applications, libraries and documentation.

The standard X application has the terminal simulator Xterm for text-based applications used for X Windows, and the Chinese environment Cxterm, which manages the X Management Program xdm that users log on, clock Display xclock, and Xman for X Window online user manual, etc.
We know that the appearance and use of the X Window GUI depend largely on the window management program. The standard Xfree86 includes twm, a classic window manager. Of course, the most used is fvwm.

4. Network Settings

Linux supports two basic network protocols on UNIX: TCP/IP and UUCP. It also supports SLIP and PPP protocols. It provides a standard SOCKET programming interface, so basically any application that uses the TCP/IP protocol can be transplanted to Linux. UUCPUNIX to unix copy) not many are currently used. It is an old protocol mainly used for file, mail, and news transmission between UNIX machines. In the past, UCP used a modem to work between machines connected to a telephone line, which can also be used in TCP/IP networks.

5. Other applications

Other commercial software vendors have joined the Linux application contributor team. There are several relational databases on Linux, including ipvs, Oracle8I, Imgres, and Mbase. Since Linux supports the POSIX1003.1 standard, we can also compile the free software running on UNIX on Linux without any difficulties.

I hope you can learn Linux well through the introduction of common Linux software.

1. Linux design purpose and Method
2. Various Linux releases
3. Linux Kernel and GNU Program
4. A Brief Introduction to the Linux operating system
5. Help you understand Linux FAQs