Ubuntu (14.04LTS) learning notes, ubuntu14.04lts

Ubuntu (14.04LTS) learning notes, ubuntu14.04lts

This blog post is a notebook for me to learn some knowledge based on Ubuntu, so that I can review it later. Here we will record it in a unified way. Of course, new things will be updated one after another !!! I would also like to ask the bloggers not to smile. Thank you ~ \ (Too many rows )/~ La la !!!!

1. simple configuration of Ubuntu:

For personal reasons, I do not like to put some fancy things on the desktop, and I have always admired the pursuit of simplicity. Therefore, the configuration of my Ubuntu system is no exception. First, upload a spy photo of the desktop:

Sudo add-apt-repository ppa: numix/ppasudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install numix-icon-theme-circle1.2 install common software:

Unity Tweak Tool, new software package, and sogou input method can all be downloaded from the Ubuntu Software Center and the sogou Input Method official website. I will not go into details about other software here, because I have not installed it, I have little need.

Conky installation and configuration: If you want your desktop to display some information in real time, Conky may help you. Convenient, beautiful, and convenient.

// Install: sudo apt-get install conky // configuration: // after installation, Conky will not be created for you by default. conkyrc file, so we need to create a corresponding file in the current user directory (My is/home/hippiezhou. Then add our configuration code.
// My configuration code is as follows: use_spacer rightuse_xft yesfont Microsoft YaHei: size = 8 xftfont Microsoft YaHei: size = 8 # xftfont WenQuanYi Zen Hei: pixelsize = 12override_utf8_locale yesupdate_interval 1.0own _ window yesown_window_type normalown_window_transparent yesown_window_hints undecorated, below, sticky, skip_taskbar, when yesminimum_size 206 then passed yesdraw_outline When deleting nodefault_color when 000000 alignment when 10gap_y when 2 uppercase no # set to yes if you want all text to be in uppercaseTEXT $ {font Microsoft YaHei: style = Bold: pixelsize = 30 }$ {alignc }$ {time % H: % M: % S }$ {font Microsoft YaHei: pixelsize = 18 }$ {alignc }$ {time % B % d % a }$ {font Microsoft YaHei: pixelsize = 12 }$ {color # ffd700 }$ {hr 1} $ color $ {color #98c2c7} Host Name: $ {color # db7093} $ alignr $ nodename $ {color #98c2c7} kernel: $ {color # db7093} $ alignr $ kernel $ {color #98c2c7} started: $ {color # db7093} $ alignr $ uptime $ {color #98c2c7} IP Address: $ {color # db7093 }$ {alignr }$ {addr wlp1s0 }$ {color #98c2c7} CPU usage: $ {color # db7093} $ alignr $ cpu % $ {color #78af78} $ cpubar $ {color # ddaa00 }$ {top name 1} $ alignr $ {top cpu 1} $ {color lightgrey }$ {top name 2 }$ alignr $ {top cpu 2 }$ {color lightgrey }$ {top name 3 }$ alignr $ {top cpu 3 }$ {color #98c2c7} physical memory: $ {color #4169e1} $ alignr $ {color} $ mem $ {color #98c2c7}/$ {color} $ memmax $ {color #4169e1 }$ {color # db7093} $ memperc % $ {color #78af78 }$ {membar }$ {color #98c2c7} root partition: $ {color }$ {alignr }$ {fs_free/}/$ {fs_size/}$ {color #78af78 }$ {fs_bar 4/}$ {color #98c2c7} Home partition: $ {color }$ {alignr }$ {fs_free/home}/$ {fs_size/home }$ {color #78af78 }$ {fs_bar 4/home }$ {color #98c2c7} download speed: $ {color }$ {downspeed wlp1s0} k/s $ {color #98c2c7} upload speed: $ {color }$ {upspeed wlp1s0} k/s $ {color # ffd700 }$ {hr 1} $ color

// To ensure that Conky can be started every time the system is started, we need to add a system startup Item for Conky.
// Search for "Start application" in your Dash and add our Conky as the startup Item.
Name: conky
Command:/usr/bin/conky-p 10
Note: Load the conky

// Note: If you want to manually start conky, you only need to press Ctrl + Alt + T and enter the command conky.

1.3 disable guest mode:

Vim/usr/share/lightdm. conf. d/50-unity-greeter.conf

// Add a code in the last line:
Allow-guest = false

// Then run ESC->: wq to save it (sudo may be required to escalate the permission)

1.4 other related configurations:

Missing language Pack: language-selector-gnome

Flash Installation: sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer (to be honest, I have installed this installation for a long time, which is extremely slow !)

 

2. Ubuntu command:

Sudo apt-get autoclean // clear the old software Cache
Sudo apt-get clean // clear all software caches
Sudo apt-get autoremove // Delete isolated software that is no longer in use by the System
Uname-a // view the kernel
Sudo lshw // displays the current hardware information
Pstree // view the current process tree

// Multi-thread download
Sudo apt-get install axel
Axel-N5 http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xxx.zip
Or
Lftp-c "pget-n 5 http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xxx.zip"

// How to switch to the root account
Sudo-s
Sudo-I
Sudo su

Cat file name // view the file content on one screen
Cat/etc/vsftpd. conf | grep-v ^ # // The line starting with # is not displayed.
More file name // View File Content by PAGE
Less file name // controllable paging View File Content
Nl file name or cat-n file name // display the file content with a line number
Cut-c 5-a. py // remove the row number from the file
Cat file.txt | sort-u // Delete duplicate rows in the file
Touch filename // create an empty file
Rm-fr folder // recursively Delete nested Directories
File filename // view the file type
Stat filename // view the file time
Diff file1 file2 // view the differences between the two files

Tar-zxvf xxx.tar.gz // extract xxx.tar.gz
Tar-jxvf xxx.tar.bz2 // extract xxx.tar.bz2
Tar-zcvf xxx.tar.gz aaa bbb // compress aaa bbb directory to xxx.tar.gz
Tar-jcvf xxx.tar.bz2 aaa bbb // compress aaa bbb directory to xxx.tar.bz2

Command Shutdown
Sudo halt
Sudo shutdown-h now // shutdown now
Timed Shutdown
Sudo shutdown-h // shutdown automatically at pm
Sudo shutdown-h + 60 // automatically shut down after 60 minutes
Command to restart the computer
Sudo reboot
Sudo shutdown-r now

 

3. Git:

I don't want to introduce this part in detail. I think it can meet my basic needs (clone, pull, push, merge, for some operations on the heights, please refer to other Daniel in the garden. Here, I will only list several frequently used commands to help you learn more.

 

1. Create a code library # create a Git code library in the current directory $ git init # create a directory, initialize it as a Git code library $ git init [project-name] # download a project and its entire code history $ git clone [project-path] 2. Configure the Git setting file. gitconfig, which can be in the user's home directory (global configuration) or under the project directory (project configuration ). # Display the current Git configuration $ git config -- list # edit the Git configuration file $ git config-e [-- global] # Set the user information when code is submitted $ git config [-- global] user. name "[name]" $ git config [-- global] user. email "[email address]" 3. add/delete files # add a specified file to the temporary storage zone $ git add [file1] [file2]... # add a specified directory to the temporary storage area, including the subdirectory $ git add [dir] # add all files in the current directory to the temporary storage area $ git add. # Delete the workspace file and put it in the temporary storage zone $ git rm [file1] [file2]... # Stop tracing a specified file, but the file will be retained in the workspace $ git rm -- cached [file] # rename the file, change the name to the temporary storage zone $ git mv [file-original] [file-renamed] 4. Code submission # submit the temporary storage zone to the warehouse region $ git commit-m [message] # submit the specified files in the temporary storage area are stored in the warehouse $ git commit [file1] [file2]... -m [message] # submit the changes in the workspace since the previous commit, go directly to the repository $ git commit-a # display all diff information when submitting [Ctrl + X and then Y exit] $ git commit-v # use a new commit, replace the previous commit # If the Code does not change, it is used to rewrite the commit information of the previous commit. $ git commit -- amend-m [message] # redo the previous commit, and include new changes to the specified file $ git commit -- amend... 5. branch # list all local branches $ git branch # list all remote branches $ git branch-r # list all local branches and remote branches $ git branch-a # create a new branch, but it still stays in the current branch $ git branch [branch-name] # create a new branch and switch to this branch $ git checkout-B [branch] # create a new branch, point to the specified commit $ git branch [branch] [commit] # create a new branch, establish a tracing relationship with the specified remote branch $ git branch -- track [branch] [remote-branch] # Switch to the specified branch, and update the workspace $ git checkout [branch-name] # To establish a tracing relationship, between an existing branch and a specified remote branch $ git branch -- set-upstream [branch] [remote-branch] # merge the specified branch to the current branch $ git merge [branch] # select commit, merge to current branch $ git cherry-pick [commit] # delete branch $ git branch-d [branch-name] # delete remote branch $ git push origin -- delete $ git branch-dr 6. tag # list all tags $ git tags # create a tag at the current commit $ git tag [tag] # create a tag at the specified commit $ git tag [tag] [commit] # view tag Information $ git show [tag] # submit the specified tag $ git push [remote] [tag] # submit all tags $ git push [remote] -- tags # create a new branch, point to a tag $ git checkout-B [branch] [tag] VII. View information # display changed files $ git status # display version history of the current branch $ git log # display commit history, and the file $ git log -- stat # That changes each time the commit is used to display the version history of a file, including renaming a file $ git log -- follow [file] $ git whatchanged [file] # display each diff related to a specified file $ git log-p [file] # display what the specified file is when did a person change $ git blame [file] # display the differences between the temporary storage zone and the workspace $ git diff # display the differences between the temporary storage zone and the previous commit $ git diff -- cached [] # display the difference between the workspace and the latest commit of the current branch $ git diff HEAD # display the difference between the two commits $ git diff [first-branch]... [second-branch] # display the metadata and content changes of a certain commit $ git show [commit] # display the file changed by a certain commit $ git show -- name-only [commit] # When a submission is displayed, the content of a file $ git show [commit]: [filename] # display the latest commits of the current branch $ git reflog 8. remote synchronization # download all changes to the remote repository $ git fetch [remote] # display all remote repositories $ git remote -v # display the information of a remote repository $ git remote show [remote] # Add a new remote repository, name $ git remote add [shortname] [url] # retrieve the changes in the remote repository, merge with the local branch $ git pull [remote] [branch] # upload the local specified branch to the remote repository $ git push [remote] [branch] # force push the current branch to the remote repository, even if there is a conflict $ git push [remote] -- force # push all branches to the remote warehouse $ git push [remote] -- all 9. Undo # restore the specified file in the temporary storage area to the work zone $ git checkout [file] # restore a specified file of a commit to the work zone $ git checkout [commit] [file] # restore all files of the previous commit to the work zone $ git checkout. # reset the specified file in the temporary storage area, which is consistent with the previous commit, but the workspace remains unchanged $ git reset [file] # reset the temporary storage area and workspace, consistent with the previous commit $ git reset -- hard # reset the pointer of the current branch to specify the commit and reset the temporary store, but the workspace remains unchanged $ git reset [commit] # reset the HEAD of the current branch to specify the commit, and reset the temporary storage and workspace at the same time, consistent with the specified commit $ git reset -- hard [commit] # reset the current HEAD to the specified commit, but keep the temporary storage area and workspace unchanged $ git reset -- keep [commit] # create a new commit, all changes used to cancel a specified commit # the latter will be offset by the former, and apply it to the current branch $ git revert [commit] 10. Others # generate a compressed package for release $ git archive

 

4. Vim:

In fact, Ubuntu has a built-in learning tutorial for Vim. You only need to enter vimtutor in the command line. There is a very detailed tutorial on it, as long as you are willing to be patient. I don't plan to record this part in detail. It's perfect to practice frequently. When I forget this part, I can read the help document and remember it.