Use shell scripts to automatically install LINUX

1 case description

A company needs to install a centos operating system on a large number of servers. It is time-consuming and labor-intensive to manually install one. Therefore, it is very important to build a PXE Server. the system server is quickly installed without manual intervention. But how can we quickly and effectively build a PXE Server? We can quickly build a PXE platform by writing a Shell script.

2 Case Analysis

To set up the PXE Server, you can choose to install centos6.0X86 _ 64, centos5.5i386, and centos5.5X86 _ 64. You can choose automatic or manual installation. Therefore, servers on the PXE platform must have the kicstart file of centos6.0, kickstart file of centos5.5X86 _ 64, and kickstart file of centos5.5i386, which can be generated in the corresponding system and corresponding image files. it must be pre-transmitted to the host used to build a PXE Server.

3. Solution Process

3.1 first, the server must have image files installed on various types of systems. You can put these image files in the/opt directory.

[Root @ sswans20opt] # llC *

-Rw-r --. 1rootroot4181098720mar1616: 48CentOS-5.5-i386-bin-DVD.iso

-Rw-r --. 1rootroot4181098720mar1616: 48CentOS-5.5-x86_64-bin-DVD.iso

-Rw-r --. 1rootroot4238800896Mar1616: 29CentOS-6.0-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

3.2 put the corresponding ks. cfg file under the/opt directory.

[Root @ sswans20opt] # llks *

-Rwxrwxrwx.1rootroot1252Mar1617: 02ks5. 5-32.cfg # kickstart file generated by Centos5.5i386

-Rwxrwxrwx.1rootroot1256Mar1616: 50ks5. 5-64.cfg # kickstart file generated by Centos5.5X86 _ 64

-Rwxrwxrwx.1rootroot1068Mar1617: 02ks6. 0-64.cfg # kickstart file generated by Centos6.0X86 _ 64

3.3 The shell script for automatically building the PXE Server is as follows:

[Root @ sswans20opt] # vimauto_install.sh

#! /Bin/bash

######################################## ######################################## ######

############# Thisshellfilecanautoinstallcentos6.0andinstallcentos5.5 ###################

############################ CloseiptablesandSELINUX ######### ###################

Setenforce0

Echo"

# ThisfilecontrolsthestateofSELinuxonthesystem.

# SELINUX = cantakeoneofthesethreevalues:

# Enforcing-SELinuxsecuritypolicyisenforced.

# Permissive-SELinuxprintswarningsinsteadofenforcing.

# Disabled-NoSELinuxpolicyisloaded.

SELINUX = permissive

# SELINUXTYPE = cantakeoneofthesetwovalues:

# Targeted-Targetedprocessesareprotected,

# Mls-MultiLevelSecurityprotection.

SELINUXTYPE = targeted

">/Etc/sysconfig/selinux

Iptables-F

/Etc/init. d/iptablessave>/dev/null

################################## AutoMount ##### #################################

Mkdir-p/var/ftp/centos/5.5/i386/dvd

Mkdir-p/var/ftp/centos/5.5/x86_64/dvd

Mkdir-p/var/ftp/centos/6.0/x86_64/dvd

Mkdir-p/var/ftp/centos/ks

Echo "/opt/CentOS-5.5-i386-bin-DVD.iso/var/ftp/centos/5.5/i386/dvdiso9660defaults, loop, ro00">/etc/fstab

Echo & quot;/opt/CentOS-5.5-x86_64-bin-DVD.iso/var/ftp/centos/5.5/x86_64/dvdiso9660defaults, loop, ro00 & quot;>/etc/fstab

Echo & quot;/opt/CentOS-6.0-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso/var/ftp/centos/6.0/x86_64/dvdiso9660defaults, loop, ro00 & quot;>/etc/fstab

Mount-

############################### Installsomepackages ####### #########################

Yuminstalldhcpvsftpdsyslinuxtftp-server-y>/dev/null

Servicevsftpdstart>/dev/null

############################ ConfigureDHCPService ######### #######################

Echo'

# Dhcpd. conf

# SampleconfigurationfileforISCdhcpd

# Optiondefinitionscommontoallsupportednetworks...

Default-lease-time600;

Max-lease-time7200;

Allowbooting;

Allowbootp;

Subnet172.25.0.0netmask0000255.0.0 {# network segment to be allocated and subnet mask

Range172.25.11.10172.25.11.30; # the IP address range assigned to the host

Optiondomain-name-servers172.25.11.20; # DNS server address

Optionrouters172.25.11.20; # vro address

Optionbroadcast-address172.25.255.255; # broadcast address

Next-server172.25.11.20; # address of the TFTP Server

Filename "pxelinux.0 ";

} '>/Etc/dhcp/dhcpd. conf

Servicedhcpdstart>/dev/null

########################### ConfigureTFTPService ########### #####################

Echo"

# Default: off

# Description: Thetftpserverservesfilesusingthetrivialfiletransfer \

# Protocol. Thetftpprotocolisoftenusedtobootdiskless \

# Workstations, downloadconfigurationfilestonetwork-awareprinters ,\

# Andtostarttheinstallationprocessforsomeoperatingsystems.

Servicetftp

{

Socket_type = dgram

Protocol = udp

Wait = yes

User = root

Server =/usr/sbin/in. tftpd

Server_args =-unobody-s/var/lib/tftpboot

Disable = no

Per_source = 11

Cps = 1002

Flags = IPv4

} ">/Etc/xinetd. d/tftp

Servicexinetdstart>/dev/null

DIR1 =/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg

If [-d $ DIR1]; then

Rm-rf $ DIR

Else

Mkdir-p/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg

Fi

######################## Cpsomefilesto/var/lib/tftpboot ######### #######################

Cp/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0/var/lib/tftpboot/

Mkdir/var/lib/tftpboot/centos6.0 _ x86_64

Cp/var/ftp/centos/6.0/x86_64/dvd/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz/var/lib/tftpboot/centos6.0 _ x86_64

Cp/var/ftp/centos/6.0/x86_64/dvd/images/pxeboot/initrd. img/var/lib/tftpboot/centos6.0 _ x86_64

Cp/var/ftp/centos/6.0/x86_64/dvd/isolinux/boot. msg/var/lib/tftpboot/

Cp/var/ftp/centos/6.0/x86_64/dvd/isolinux/vesamenu. c32/var/lib/tftpboot/

Cp/var/ftp/centos/6.0/x86_64/dvd/isolinux/splash.jpg/var/lib/tftpboot/

####################### Addanewcentos5istmsystem ################ #################

Mkdir/var/lib/tftpboot/centos5.5 _ i386

Cp/var/ftp/centos/5.5/i386/dvd/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz/var/lib/tftpboot/centos5.5 _ i386

Cp/var/ftp/centos/5.5/i386/dvd/images/pxeboot/initrd. img/var/lib/tftpboot/centos5.5 _ i386

####################### Addanewcentos5x86_64system ################ ##############

Mkdir/var/lib/tftpboot/centos5.5 _ x86_64

Cp/var/ftp/centos/5.5/x86_64/dvd/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz/var/lib/tftpboot/centos5.5 _ i386

Cp/var/ftp/centos/5.5/x86_64/dvd/images/pxeboot/initrd. img/var/lib/tftpboot/centos5.5 _ i386

########################## Configurethedefaultfile ############# #######################

Echo"

Defaultvesamenu. c32

Timeout600

Displayboot. msg

Menubackgroundsplash.jpg

Menutitlewelcometokedaco minstallcentos!

Menucolorborder0 # ffffffff #00000000

Menucolorsel7 # ffffffff # ff000000

Menucolortitle0 # ffffffff #00000000.

Menucolortabmsg0 # ffffffff #00000000

Menucolorunsel0 # ffffffff #00000000.

Menucolorhotsel0 # ff000000 # ffffff

Menucolorhotkey7 # ffffffff # ff000000

Menucolorscrollbar0 # ffffffff #00000000

LabelCentOS6.0 _ x86_64

MenulabelCentOS6.0X86 _ 84 installwithkickstart

Menudefault

Kernelcentos6.0 _ x86_64/vmlinuz

Appendinitrd = centos6.0 _ x86_64/initrd. imgks = ftp: // 172.25.11.20/centos/ks/ks6.0-64. extends textksdevice = eth0

LabelCentOS5.5 _ i386

Menulabelcentos5.5i1_installwithkickstart

Kernelcentos5.5 _ i386/vmlinuz

Appendinitrd = centos5.5 _ i386/initrd. imgks = ftp: // 172.25.11.20/centos/ks/ks5.5-32. extends textksdevice = eth0

LabelCentOS5.5 _ x86_64

MenulabelCentOS5.5X86 _ 64 installwithkickstart

Kernelcentos5.5 _ x86_64/vmlinuz

Appendinitrd = centos5.5 _ x86_64/initrd. imgks = ftp: // 172.25.11.20/centos/ks/ks5.5-64. plain text

Ksdevice = eth0

LabelCentOS6.0-x86_64

MenulabelShoudonginstallCentOS6.0X86 _ 84

Kernelcentos6.0 _ x86_64/vmlinuz

Appendinitrd = centos6.0 _ x86_64/initrd. img

LabelCentOS5.5-i386

MenulabelShoudonginstallCentOS5.5i386

Kernelcentos5.5 _ i386/vmlinuz

Appendinitrd = centos5.5 _ i386/initrd. img

LabelCentOS5.5-x86_64

MenulabelShoudonginstallCentOS5.5X86 _ 64

Kernelcentos5.5 _ x86_64/vmlinuz

Appendinitrd = centos5.5 _ x86_64/initrd. img

">/Var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/default

############################ ConfigureKickstart ########### #########################

Mv/opt/ks5.5-32.133/var/ftp/centos/ks

Chmod777/var/ftp/centos/ks/ks5.5-32.cfg

Mv/opt/ks5.5-64.133/var/ftp/centos/ks

Chmod777/var/ftp/centos/ks/ks5.5-64.cfg

Mv/opt/ks6.0-64.133/var/ftp/centos/ks

Chmod777/var/ftp/centos/ks/ks6.0-64.cfg

########################### ALLServiceRestart ########### ##########################

ForFWindhcpdxinetdvsftpd

Do

Service $ FWrestart

Chkconfig $ FWon

Done

3.4 you can grant executable permissions to the prepared automated scripts so that the scripts can be executed.

[Root @ sswans20 ~] # Chmod777auto_install.sh

[Root @ sswans20 ~] # Llauto_install.sh

-Rwxrwxrwx.1rootroot5236Mar1616: 52auto_install.sh

Note

Because the IP addresses of my DHCP server, FTP server, TFTP server, and DNS server are 172.25.11.20, make the following changes according to your actual environment before executing this script.

Open each ks file and check whether the url -- url = ftp: // 172.25.11.20/is consistent with the address of your FTP server.

Make sure that the scriptRed FlagThe IP address must be the address of your FTP server or TFTP server.

, ScriptBlue markThe IP address can be changed or not, depending on your actual needs.

Run the script file after 3.5 or more errors

[Root @ sswans20 ~] #./Auto_install.sh # Wait for a while after execution

Shuttingdowndhcpd: [OK]

Startingdhcpd: [OK]

Stoppingxinetd: [OK]

Startingxinetd: [OK]

Shuttingdownvsftpd: [OK]

Startingvsftpdforvsftpd: [OK]

3.6 verify that the PXE Server is successfully built and verified by installing the system on the other server

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I have not uploaded the centos5.5x86 _ 64-bit system image file on the server, so I can only see four installation options.

The Automatic Installation Process of centos5.5i386 is as follows:

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4. solution results

On this installation page, you can use the up/down key to select the system type to be used for installation. Then, press the Enter key to start automatic installation. If the installation process is not selected, the first installation item is selected by default after 60 s.

5. Summary

The key to building a PXE Server automatically lies in the writing of shell scripts, which requires the writers to be familiar with shell syntax and have certain logic thinking capabilities. This script provides silly installation for those who are not clear about PXE setup. If you are interested, you can analyze and read the script content in detail. If you have any questions, please contact me via Weibo. Thank you.

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