Entering artificial intelligence, this encyclopedia of artificial intelligence is not to be missed

Some people say that 2016 is the first year of artificial intelligence, and artificial intelligence technology has sprung up in all walks of life. At the beginning of 2017, I started to translate "Artificial Intelligence (2nd Edition)". When I was about to finish the first translation of the book, the science and technology came to the news that the Alpha dog defeated the chess player Ke Jie. So, this book It has become a veritable, unpublished "ancient book." This book can be called a classic textbook, the content is informative, the logic is clear, the classics, the vertical and horizontal, is a rare artificial intelligence textbook, it is also known as "the encyclopedia of artificial intelligence."

Artificial Intelligence

Looking back at history, in 1997, Deep Blue defeated Kasparov. At that time, people had optimistically predicted that in the field of Go, which embodied the ancient wisdom of the East, computers might not be able to defeat humans so easily. Go became the last piece of human intelligence. Highland. However, after only 20 years, people's predictions have been broken.

From Alan Turing's cracking of the Enigma cipher machine, which made a huge contribution to the victory of the Second World War, the Temmouth seminar was invented the term "artificial intelligence", and today, Artificial intelligence has experienced 60 years of development. In the meantime, “the mountains and heavy waters have no way to re-in doubt, and the villages are dark and bright,” and artificial intelligence has experienced three waves and two winter baptisms. At present, with the promotion of deep learning algorithms, artificial intelligence carries cloud computing, big data, and convolutional neural networks, breaking through the bottleneck of natural language speech processing and image recognition, and bringing about earth-shaking changes for human beings.

"As a spring breeze, thousands of trees and pears bloom," using this poem to describe the development of artificial intelligence is not an exaggeration. Artificial intelligence is on the rise and is fully developed in all areas of humanity. There is a saying in the industry: "If you are lucky enough, the machine can treat you as a pet."

A ridiculous word tells how many people are sad, artificial intelligence has begun to appear in various aspects instead of human beings: in the production workshop, we can no longer see the busy figure of human workers; in the supermarket, we can not see I went to work at the cashier; at the restaurant, we didn't see the chef or the waiter. Artificial intelligence can help us accomplish many tasks and help us make decisions.

Whether artificial intelligence is a gift to humans or a disaster to humanity, people’s controversy has been rampant and inconsistent. Artificial intelligence may be like Pandora's box, but people have hopes that it is this hope that has made artificial intelligence go through 60 years of hardships.

On the optimistic side, in the future, science fiction stories may appear in everyday life, and labor may become a need to stay healthy. However, it is still too early to say everything. As the book talks about in the robotics section, artificial intelligence is in the "infancy" of toddlers. When I wrote this translator's preface, the humanoid robot is still very junior in terms of athletic ability, so someone Say something joke: "If you want to block the 'terminator', close the door (the robot is more difficult to master the door opening technology)."

This book can be called a classic textbook, the content is informative, the logic is clear, the classics, the vertical and horizontal, is a rare artificial intelligence textbook. Artificial intelligence is all-encompassing, including natural language processing, knowledge representation, intelligent search, planning, machine learning, artificial neural network complex systems, data mining, genetic algorithms, fuzzy control, and so on. Faced with the rapid development of artificial intelligence and massive knowledge, the readers of computer science and engineering-related majors, rather than the squatting squid, are better off retreating and laying a solid foundation. "There is a glimpse of the end of the paper, and I know that this matter must be carried out."

Learning artificial intelligence, readers should guard against arrogance, carefully understand the algorithm, and convert the algorithm into a computer program. Therefore, I suggest that after reading the chapter, the reader writes the code and runs the program on the machine. "Frozen three feet, not a cold day", to become a leader in the field of artificial intelligence, readers need to be prepared for a protracted war, hard-working, and constantly learn new technologies and continue to innovate. Only in this way can we be worn by stones and become the mainstay of society, leading the trend of the times.

Why did you create Artificial Intelligence (2nd Edition)?

In 2006, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Dartmouth Summer Conference, AI @ 50 was held, and James Moor, a professor of philosophy at Dartmouth College, invited me to organize on AI @ 50. A computer game show. At the Dartmouth Summer Symposium, John McCarthy coined the term "artificial intelligence."

Some of the original attendees at the Dartmouth conference participated in AI @ 50, including John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Oliver Selfridge, and Ray Solo. Ray Solomonoff. Professor Lucci also participated in AI @ 50, and shortly thereafter, he agreed to work with me to write an artificial intelligence textbook.

Our view is that artificial intelligence is made up of People, Ideas, Methods, Machines, and Outcome.

First of all, it is human beings who make up artificial intelligence. Humans have ideas and turn these ideas into methods. These ideas can be represented by algorithms, heuristics, programs, or systems that are computational backbones. Finally, we get the product of these machines (programs), which we call "results." Each result can be measured in terms of its value, effectiveness, and efficiency.

We have found that existing artificial intelligence books usually do not mention some of these areas. Without humans, there is no artificial intelligence. Therefore, we decided to introduce the people who contributed to the success of artificial intelligence by adding the “Character Anecdote” column in this book. The characters we introduced in the full text of Chapter 17 of this book include the people who come up with ideas and the realization. The person who developed the method.

Artificial intelligence and computer science are relatively young compared to other sciences such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology. However, artificial intelligence is a truly interdisciplinary subject that combines many elements of other fields.

Machines/computers are tools for artificial intelligence researchers who allow researchers to experiment, learn, and improve methods for solving problems that can be applied to many interesting areas that may be beneficial to humans. Finally, because of the application of artificial intelligence to a wide variety of issues and disciplines, we have measurable results, which reminds us that artificial intelligence must also be interpretable. In many parts of the book, you will find a discussion of the difference between "performance" and "ability." With the maturity and advancement of artificial intelligence, both are required.

So far, by personally teaching artificial intelligence courses and reading artificial intelligence textbooks, we have found that most of the available textbooks lack one or more of the above areas. The names and great contributions of many people such as Turing, McCarthy, Minsky, Michie, McLelland, Feigenbaum, Shortliffe, Lenat, Newell, Simon, Brooks, etc. should be familiar to students.

However, this is not a history book! We believe that this subject is so interesting, so broad, and has unlimited potential that the fascinating ideas and excellent work of the people working in this field should be used reasonably to make the book more colorful.

What is the difference between the 2nd edition and the 1st edition?

It has been a long time since the first edition of this book was published. Artificial intelligence concepts, methods and systems are increasingly integrated into people's daily activities. For example, in the first edition, many cars were built to have parallel berthing capabilities; it is now commonplace to deploy anti-collision systems in cars. The technology of sci-fi enthusiasts (such as drones and robots) is now a reality, and more and more drones and robots are becoming part of everyday life.

GPS systems, mobile apps and social networks that surfaced in the first decade of the 21st century are now available everywhere. These technologies, including the best transportation routes, health advice and personal attendants, have been used in all aspects of people's lives, and each technology typically uses some form of artificial intelligence.

Advances in natural language and speech processing have dramatically changed the way humans interact with machines. The second edition adds Chapter 10 to introduce and discuss the decision tree for machine learning. Therefore, Chapters 10 and 11 (Machine Learning Part 2: Neural Networks) and Chapter 12 (naturally inspired searches) provide the basis for further research. Chapter 13 (Natural Language Processing) adds a new section (Section 13.10) that introduces the theory, methods, and applications of speech understanding. At the same time, Chapter 13 also adds a section to describe metaphors in natural language processing. Chapter 15 provides an overview of the robotics field, including recent applications, and looks forward to the future with Chapter 17 (Memorabilia). Many exercises have been added to many chapters.