advantages over CPU, the bcrypt algorithm is not only designed to be CPU intensive, but also memory Io intensive.However, with the time migration, the new FPGA has already integrated a large amount of RAM (type CPU cache, about dozens of megabytes), solving the problem of Memory Intensive Io.ScryptScrypt was created in 2009, making up for the shortcomings of bcrypt. It increases the CPU computing and memory usage overhead by a level, which not only requires time overhead, but also memory I/O ov
Blockchain Enthusiast (qq:53016353)
Scrypt was developed by the famous FreeBSD hacker Colin Percival for his backup service Tarsnap.
Scrypt not only takes a long time to compute, but also consumes more memory, making it difficult to compute multiple abstracts in parallel, making it more difficult to use rainbow table for brute force attacks. Scrypt is not use
than version 1.0.8, it used the scrypt algorithm, but from version 1.0.9, it also provided Argon2, an algorithm carefully selected from the recent hash password comparison. Libsodium provides binding to most programming languages.
Libsodium File
Libsodium source code
Note: an attack on Argon2i-a variant of Argon2 universal password hash is published here. In fact, the impact is not serious, but it may lead to a new variant (maybe Argon2x, because
. Earlier than Version 1.0.8, it used the scrypt algorithm, but from version 1.0.9, it also provided Argon2, an algorithm carefully selected from the recent hash password comparison. Libsodium provides binding to most programming languages.
Libsodium file
Libsodium source code
Note: an attack on Argon2i-a variant of Argon2 universal password hash is published here. In fact, the impact is not serious, but it may lead to a new variant (maybe Argo
transactions on request.Type backend struct {Wallets() []wallet // Wallets获取当前能够查找到的钱包Subscribe(sink chan }Manager.goManager is an account management tool that contains everything. Can communicate with all backends to sign the transaction.ETH account definition, defined in Accounts.keystore.key.goThe ETH account consists of three information, ID, address and public key pair.Type Keystruct {Iduuid.uuidAddress Common. AddressPrivatekey ECDSA. Privatekey}The process of creating an account at ETH
using a trusted environment signature. Previously, we used to encrypt the primary key by applying scrypt to the user password and storage salt. To make the key resist attacks, we use a stored TEE key to sign a combination key value to inherit its algorithm. The combination signature uses a scrypt application to program a suitable key length. This key is used to encrypt and decrypt the master key. The proce
One, single choice (5 points per topic, total 40 points)
1, encrypted digital currency if set too short confirmation time will be more likely to cause what appears.
A. High efficiency B. inefficiency c. solitary block D. Double Flower
2. If a Bitcoin transaction does not include mining costs, what will eventually happen.
A. Not confirmed B. Normal confirmation speed c.24 hours D. Uncertain time, but will eventually be confirmed
The difference between the 3.sha256 and the
difficult to be understood by the world, and the attraction of 1%-year interest rate is very low, the subsequent emergence of new electronic money, little use of POS mode. In February 2013, a Russian research and development team released the second new currency Novacoin (NVC), which uses POS, NVC further optimizes the algorithm (using scrypt), making it faster to trade and revising the annual interest rate to 5%. Novacoin's two modifications have be
Block chain knowledge level Four examination, examination time 30 minutes, total score 100 points, please seriously answer, the topic person and Proctor Teacher: Gao Zhihao, please reprint note, thank you for your support.
One, single topic (5 points per question, total 40 points)
1, encrypt the digital currency if you set too short a confirmation time will be more likely to cause what appears.
A. High efficiency B. inefficient C. Solitary block D. Double Flower
2. If a bit-currency transacti
takes only 1 microsecond to guess a phrase During the attack (assuming that the machine performance is the same, the phrase length is also similar ). The attacker can guess 1 million in one second, and this is only the speed of a single thread.
Therefore, the faster the encryption algorithm, the easier it will be to crack.0x02 slow Encryption
If the encryption time can be increased, it can obviously increase the cracking time.
If encryption is increased to 10 ms at a time, the attacker can onl
The PHP GroupZend Engine v2.5.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend TechnologiesliondeMacBook-Pro:~ lion$
Use the brew search php55-command to see which extensions can be installed, and then run the brew install php55-XXX.
liondeMacBook-Pro:~ lion$ brew search php55-php55-amqp php55-igbinary php55-msgpack php55-runkit php55-varnishphp55-apcu php55-imagick php55-mysqlnd_ms php55-scrypt php55-vldphp55-augmentedtypes php55-inclued
Java.security.SecureRandom
Dot NET (C #, VB)
System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider
Ruby
SecureRandom
Python
Os.urandom
Perl
Math::random::secure
C + + (Windows API)
CryptGenRandom
Any language on Gnu/linux or Unix
Read From/dev/random Or/dev/urandom
Each user's password must use a unique salt value. Each time a user creates an account or changes a password, the password sh
-2014 Zend technologiesliondemacbook-pro:~ lion$
Using the Brew Search php55-command, you can see which extensions can be installed, and then perform a brew install PHP55-XXX.
liondemacbook-pro:~ lion$ Brew Search PHP55-PHP55-AMQP php55-igbinary php55-msgpack php55-runkit Php55-varnis HPHP55-APCU php55-imagick Php55-mysqlnd_ms php55-scrypt php55-vldphp55-augmentedtypes php55-inclued php55 -oauth php55-snappy php55-wbxmlphp55-binpack php55-intl php55-o
has changed from collision of the entire string hash to collision of only the short strings above. This issue will continue (3rd characters are \ 0, 4th, 5th ......).
Some people say that I didn't use password_hash, And I used CRYPT_SHA256!
Seeing the php_crypt () function in the source code, we can find that all encryption methods in crypt () have such behavior. It does not exist only in bcrypt, but also in php, the entire crypt (3) c language library has this problem.
In this article, I mainl
to bottom.
Know about Injection especially SQL injection and how to prevent it.
Never trust user input, nor anything else that comes in the request (which has des cookies and hidden form field values !).
Hash passwords using salt and use different salts for your rows to prevent rainbow attacks. use a slow hashing algorithm, such as bcrypt (time tested) or scrypt (even stronger, but newer) (1, 2), for storing passwords. (How To Safely Store A Passw
) 1997-2014 the PHP groupzend Engine v2.5.0, Copyright (c) 1 998-2014 Zend technologiesliondemacbook-pro:~ lion$
Using the Brew Search php55-command, you can see which extensions can be installed, and then perform a brew install PHP55-XXX.
liondemacbook-pro:~ lion$ Brew Search PHP55-PHP55-AMQP php55-igbinary php55-msgpack php55-runkit Php55-varnis HPHP55-APCU php55-imagick Php55-mysqlnd_ms php55-scrypt php55-vldphp55-augmentedtypes php55-inclued php55
in some cases it's a legal requirement. Wai-aria and WCAG2 have good resources in this regard.
Don't let me figure out how to do it.
Security
There is a lot to be explained, but the owasp Development Guide is based on Web site security from head to toe.
To understand injections, especially SQL injection, and learn how to avoid him.
Never trust the user's input, nor does it come from the request (including cookies and hidden form field values).
Instead of using a se
.
To avoid duplicate submissions, a page jump is required when post is executed successfully.
Don't forget to consider accessibility features. It's always a good idea, and in some cases it's a legal requirement. Wai-aria and WCAG2 have good resources in this regard.
Don't let me figure out how to do it.
Security
There is a lot to be explained, but the owasp Development Guide is based on Web site security from head to toe.
To understand injections, especially SQL injection,
, total production, adjust the difficulty, modify the creation of the hash, production time, increase checkpoints, etc., see here you can find, finally compiled, through, produce a SGD, the rest is to release the SGD.
The building doesn't even need testing ... This is the most critical, we all know the birth of a new software is required after a long period of testing, the equivalent of BTC and LTC have been tested for it, direct release, there will be no problem ~ then from the GitHub download
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