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2.9 has the following statements, please use the corresponding predicate formulas to represent them separately:

Where ∃ is "exists" ∀ is "arbitrary". Logical ∧ (with) ∨ (or). ￢ (non)

(1) Some people like plum blossom, some people like Chrysanthemum, some people both like plum blossom and like chrysanthemum.

Solution: Defining predicates

P (x): X is Human

L (x, y): x likes y

Where Y's individual domain is {plum, chrysanthemum}

The knowledge is represented by a predicate as:

(∃x) (P (x) →l (x, Plum) ∨l (x, Chrysanthemum) ∨l (x, Plum) ∧l (x, Chrysanthemum))

(2) Some people go to play basketball every afternoon.

Solution: Defining predicates

P (x): X is Human

B (x): X Play Basketball

A (Y): Y is afternoon

The knowledge is represented by a predicate as:

(∃x) (∀y) (A (Y) →b (x) ∧p (x))

(3) The new type of computer is fast and the storage capacity is large.

Solution: Defining predicates

NC (x): X is a new type of computer

F (x): Fast x speed

B (x): Large x capacity

The knowledge is represented by a predicate as:

(∀x) (NC (x) →f (x) ∧b (x))

(4) Not every computer department student likes the computer creates Macintosh program.

Solution: Defining predicates

S (x): X is a student of computer science

L (x, Programming): X likes programming

U (x, Computer): x use computer

The knowledge is represented by a predicate as:

￢ (∀x) (S (x) →l (x, Programming) ∧u (x, Computer))

(5) Anyone who likes to program is fond of computers.

P (x): X is Human

L (x, y): x likes y

The knowledge is represented by a predicate as:

(∀x) (P (x) ∧l (x, Programming) →l (x, Computer))

2.11 The problem of farmer, wolf, goat and cabbage by means of predicate notation.

The farmer, the wolf, the goat, the cabbage all put on the left bank of a river, now to send them all to the right bank of the river, the farmer has a boat, when the river, in addition to the farmer outside the ship can carry a wolf, goat, cabbage in one. A wolf eats a goat, and a goat eats cabbage unless the farmer is there. Plan for a safe crossing across the river. Please write out the definition of the predicate used, and give the function of each predicate and the individual domain of the variable.

Solution: (1) First define a predicate that describes the state

AL (x): X on the left bank

where X's individual domain is {farmer, ship, wolf, sheep, cabbage}.

¬al (x) indicates that x is on the right bank.

Initial state of the problem: the target State of the problem:

AL (farmer) ¬al (farmer)

AL (ship) ¬al (ship)

AL (Wolf) ¬al (Wolf)

AL (sheep) ¬al (sheep)

AL (cabbage) ¬al (cabbage)

(2) redefine the predicate that describes the operation

L-r: The farmer himself rowed from the left bank to the right bank

L-r (x): Farmer with X boating from left Bank to right bank

R-l: The farmer himself rowed from the right bank to the left bank

R-l (x): Farmer with x boating from right bank to left bank

where X's individual domain is {wolf, sheep, cabbage}.

(3) Problem solving process

The first step the farmer rowing with sheep from the left bank to the right bank

AL (farmer) ¬al (farmer)

AL (ship) l-r (sheep) ¬al (ship)

AL (Wolf) →al (Wolf)

AL (sheep) ¬al (sheep)

Al (cabbage) al (cabbage)

　

Second step farmer rowing from right bank to left bank

¬al (farmer) AL (farmer)

¬al (ship) r-l AL (ship)

AL (Wolf) ←al (Wolf)

¬al (sheep) ¬al (sheep)

Al (cabbage) al (cabbage)

The third step is the farmer rowing the wolf from the left bank to the right bank.

AL (farmer) ¬al (farmer)

AL (ship) l-r (Wolf) ¬al (ship)

AL (Wolf) →¬al (Wolf)

¬al (sheep) ¬al (sheep)

Al (cabbage) al (cabbage)

Fourth step the farmer is rowing the wolf from the right bank to the left bank.

¬al (farmer) AL (farmer)

¬al (ship) r-l (sheep) AL (ship)

¬al (Wolf) ←¬al (Wolf)

¬al (sheep) AL (sheep)

Al (cabbage) al (cabbage)

Fifth step the farmer rowed the cabbage from the left bank to the right bank.

¬al (farmer) ¬al (farmer)

¬al (ship) l-r (cabbage) ¬al (ship)

¬al (Wolf) →¬al (Wolf)

¬al (sheep) AL (sheep)

AL (cabbage) ¬al (cabbage)

Sixth step farmer rowing from right bank to left bank

¬al (farmer) AL (farmer)

¬al (ship) r-l AL (ship)

¬al (Wolf) ←¬al (Wolf)

Al (sheep) Al (sheep)

¬al (cabbage) ¬al (Chinese cabbage)

Sixth, the farmer rowed the sheep from the left bank to the right bank.

AL (farmer) ¬al (farmer)

AL (ship) l-r (sheep) ¬al (ship)

¬al (Wolf) →¬al (Wolf)

AL (sheep) ¬al (sheep)

¬al (cabbage) ¬al (Chinese cabbage)

2.16 write out their semantic networks for the following propositions, respectively:

(1) Each student has a computer.

Solution:

(2) High teacher from March to July to the computer department students to talk about the "computer network" class.

Solution:

(3) There are men, women, graduate students, and undergraduates in the classes.

(4) The innovation Company at 56th Hoi Hai Avenue, Liu Yang is the company's manager, he is 32 years old, Master's degree.

(5) The red team played football with the Blue team and ended with a 3:2 score.

2.17 Please express the following proposition in a semantic network:

(1) trees and grasses are plants;

(2) both the tree and the grass have leaves and roots;

(3) weeds are grass, and grow in water;

(4) fruit trees are trees and will result;

(5) pear Tree is a kind of fruit tree, it will knot pear.

13 Honda World Second Job