9. Introduction of microprocessor

Microprocessor: Integrates all components into a single silicon chip.

First microprocessor: Intel 4004.

The most influential microprocessors: Intel8080, Motorola 6800.

The above processors are referred to as single-chip microprocessors. Microprocessors, like single-chip microcomputer, have many pins.

8080 is characterized by a three pin is the supply voltage, the other pins are input, output, control signals.

8080 includes registers for faster execution of instructions, which are actually latches that are used to latch data.

The next step is to introduce some 8080 instructions:

1. LOD:

2. STO

3. LDA: Import accumulator.

4. STA: Store the data of the accumulator.

5. MOV

6. MVI: Move the number immediately.

7. ADD\SUB\ADC\SBB

8. and\xor\or\cmp

9. CMA: Reverse the number of accumulators by bit.

DAA: Decimal Adjustment accumulator. The BCD code is introduced, and the 4-bit represents a decimal number that represents the addition of the range in the 0-9,BCD code.

inr\dcr:++/--.

Rlc\rrc\ral\rar: Cyclic displacement.

Push\pop.

PCHL: Load HL Register data to PC. Jump instructions.

Jump: Simple jumps.

Call\return: Similar to a function's jump and return.

The PSW is a register that holds the state.

There are many ways to store it:

1. Random.

2. Order.

3. Stack. The stack is just a normal RAM space, but there is a 16-bit SP that is used to specify the address.

There are two ways to read and write to a peripheral device:

1. Memory image I/O: Peripherals occupy some of the usual memory addresses.

2. I/O port: Address specifically provided to I/O.

Interrupt: A signal generated by a peripheral device.

Because of the different implementations of many microprocessors, see another blog about the big-endian small end.

Transistors are used more and more, what is the use of transistors?

1. Data width.

2. New directives.

How to increase processor speed:

1. assembly line.

2. Cache.