A widely-spread explanation of Project Management

First, I would like to ask you a question: Do you think Chinese people are smart or Americans are smart? The best answer I have ever met is Chinese Americans. We say Americans are stupid. Why? Have you ever been to T or G? They often come up with the question 1/3 + 1/2 =?
The answer for 50% of students is 2/5. This is a question for the U.S. postgraduate entrance exam! Usually there is another 1/2 + 1/2 = before this problem? Why? They are afraid of being too difficult. Warm up easily first. I have seen many PhD in the United States. For Americans, if... else... is logic, and if... if... else... that's why we say Americans are stupid. Why should we study them? We will answer this question later. Ask another question: if you have just bought a luxurious house, but your three-year-old son wrote "I love the Great Wall, I Love Tiananmen Square in Beijing" on the whole wall. What should you do? Some girls talk about brute-force attacks. It is still rare to say this answer from the girl's mouth. What do Americans do? They will say to their children, "you old man really have the talent for painting. It's just Picasso's Picasso. You can sell at least 1 million US dollars." You know Americans like money, the effect must be obvious when money is used to quantify data. But obviously, you old people cannot save painting on the walls permanently, so I will buy you a canvas tomorrow. Otherwise, how much Picasso will we lose! We can see our baby rolling on the canvas happily. The walls are also clean.

The Chinese are very smart and can be seen from everyone, but the Chinese have a smart way to do their jobs. They often make every project according to their own opinions. How do Americans do this? They are like taking a bath. They will put a piece of paper in front of them, with their heads washed first, their ears washed, and their faces washed. There is a certain process to do this, gradually formed a system. This is why we are discussing project management today.

Project management is divided into nine knowledge fields:Cost management, quality management, time management, scope management, human resource management, communication management, risk management, procurement management and overall management (Punish ten prisoners, dogs crazy). Among them, time, quality and cost management constitute a triangle. Everyone draws a triangle on paper and marks the time, quality, and cost (equilateral triangle) on each side. The movement of either side will inevitably lead to other deformation, what if the time is shortened? It is what we often call the "gift Project", which will certainly affect the quality and cost. Q: What is the middle of this triangle? Yes, scope management, that is, the scope of the project. This is what we often call the project "Project Management Triangle"

The following describes the Project Management Triangle in project management.
The cost in the project triangle mainly comes from the cost of required resources, naturally including the cost of human resources. I believe this is a good understanding. To shorten the project time, you need to increase the project cost (resources) or reduce the project scope; To save the project cost (resources), you can reduce the project scope or extend the project time; if the demand changes and the scope of the project increases, you need to increase the project cost (resources) or extend the project time. Through the "Project Management Triangle", we understand the project cost and time, A simple definition of quality and scope. How long does a Project Manager spend on communication? It should be less than 75% of the time for communication, so the project management will be listed separately. The main line of all these fields is the overall management of projects. Due to time constraints, we will not discuss other knowledge areas in detail, because today is an introduction, haha

Project ManagementFifty-five Zun
In addition to nine knowledge fields, project management should also understand five process groups. Five process groups are started, planned, executed, controlled, and ended. These five process groups run through every field of knowledge. Do you know? For example, a person (analogy) finds a girlfriend. To further increase the distance, he wants to visit Eurasia for the 8-day tour, as a result, he spent 30 thousand yuan on his savings for many years, one-time investment. However, while traveling, his mm looked at another handsome guy, so he was lucky. What's the problem? It indicates that there was a problem when his project was started. Without good market research, there was no way to control the result process. According to PMI's explanation, after receiving the ticket, the project was naturally transferred to the start stage, so he worked hard and finally saved 30 thousand yuan. This time he traveled with us, considering his own expenses, he invited the girl to watch a movie. So he took this girl to watch-the first drop of blood is so nice that the girl looks very nice. After reading it, she thought this guy had a violent tendency and broke up again. What are the issues? No effective requirement investigation is conducted, that is, there is no clear requirement definition during the planning. So next time he knew that the girl loved watching the dance drama, so he invited a pretty girl to watch Swan Lake, but something went wrong --
After entering, I found that the seats were not in the same group. When they switched the seats together, the song and dance drama was over. What does this mean? Yes, it indicates that there is no good execution, at least there is no effective supervision in the execution process. Other processes are not explained one by one. Here I emphasize the importance of ending. We tend to focus very much on closing the contract, but always ignore the management ending. What is the management ending? Some Comrade learned all the lessons and finally got a marriage certificate. What else should he do? By the way, we should summarize all the lessons learned and report them in writing to the old mom and post them on the back of the door. Then hold a couplet in the middle Hall: those who want to fall in love must first read the back of the door-"Love guide" and then those who want to fall in love with their siblings must first refer to the love guide behind the door. What can this do? Yes, they will be able to stay at this level in the future. How can we ensure this process? Yes, our qa staff, that is, his mother, is also responsible for quality control. Family Rules: those who do not refer to or do not follow this operator are not allowed to fall in love! Major companies generally have quality management departments (QA). QA members are basically old foxes transformed from very experienced PM, he is a strong successor to the boss. :) this is why we say that a failed project will train a group of outstanding project managers.
Which of the following is the love guide? What is the document important? We said that the comrades at the China Telecom Science and Technology Department are important. Why do they care about this? Let's pick up a pen around you and tell me how long it will be? Some say 10 cm, some say 10. 0987 cm. We say his estimation is accurate, but not accurate !! If I take a pen and tell you exactly 10 cm, then compare it with your pen, isn't it easier for you to calculate? This document is very important. Some people think that the document is the most boring. Isn't it necessary to make a summary after the project is over. Errors: documents should be organized throughout project management. Document management is a good way to track and monitor projects. Simply put, you can manage documents according to your project plan. The main line of archive classification is: project initiation, planning, execution, and termination. In each category, the archive is managed by task or group classification, based on your project complexity and management habits, the principle is to track the progress of the entire project. We have discussed nine areas of knowledge in project management, five Process Groups, and the "Project Management Triangle". Next we will talk about PMBOK.
PMBOK is the project management Bible, that is, the project management body
Knowledge, a Project Management Knowledge System guide, is the core guiding publication of the American Association for project management (PMI), but it looks like a dictionary, usually you will fall asleep when you see the third page: Here is a brief introduction to the American Project Management Association (PMI) and the International Project Management Association (IPMA). The American Project Management Association only has one PMP certificate, and IPMA has four levels, you can take an exam after graduation. This will be detailed later.
Here are a few terms. If you have mastered them, you will be able to give them a lecture on project management, and no one will dare to underestimate you. They are WBS, Gantt charts, baselines, project stakeholders, and key paths. WBS is the Work Breakdown Structre, and the work breakdown structure.
The definition of WBS is still very troublesome. PM should hold a team for discussion, provide all the project-related details to the members, and break down the WBS tree into Layer 2 and Layer 3. It will take some time for members to brainstorm their ideas, develop work outputs and responsibilities of the corresponding personnel, and record the completion criteria of each work package. For example, if we want to get married, how can we break it down? It's nothing more than a banquet, wedding photos, and so on. Someone on the Forum made a detailed breakdown and everyone can find it. We are talking about why WBS is important, and most of the project management consultations are for WBS. Because WBS is well done, we will have reference for future work, you will know what you should do at different stages and what progress you have achieved. In fact, there are no rules for the division of WBS. The main consideration is to facilitate you to do all kinds of statistical work and serve the management. In the same project, the management focus is different, and the WBS structure may be completely different. The criteria for determining whether a division is good or not are determined to meet your management needs.
Gantt chart is also called a crosstab chart and many other names. We say it was used by Gantt in the First World War. It visualizes the progress of WBS on the basis of WBS.
For reference, I would like to give an example. How many boats did you step on before we got married? We say the law permits but the morality does not permit, but you can step on N ships :) but one day you and your friends enter a dark room, then, when you carry two stamped books, can you step on N ships? We can't say this, because you have passed a baseline. If you want to step on N ships, you need to go back to the dark room and build two more chapters. What should we do if our project is out of track, that is, project change? We said that such a project change will affect various elements such as time, cost, and quality. We should be controlled by the project management office. If you want to change the benchmark, strict restrictions are required. When a customer initiates a change request, a change Application Registration Form and a change application must be established.
And ask the customer to sign the form. Sometimes some modules that are not very critical do not have to talk about their feelings at all, so we should sell them when we sell our faces, especially in front of the other party's leaders.
But do not sell it too simply. Do not make it too easy for them. In the change management, PM needs to analyze the change request, evaluate the potential risks of the change and modify the benchmark file.
If a project is in progress, such as the current 3G dim sum project, you will find that if you spend more time writing programs that will be very useful in the future, but this program is not within the scope of this project. Do you want to do it? Yes, we can't do it. You can start a new project to do it, but you cannot do it in this project. This will cause our project costs to exceed and risks to increase, in addition, there is a lack of comparison and reference value with other projects.
This is also the reason why we say that more than 80% of projects have failed. We say that project failure does not mean that the project cannot proceed, and the project is completely broke. PMI has a clear definition, if the project cost exceeds the budget, the quality is not guaranteed, and the time exceeds the expectation, the project is within the scope of failure.
This is a good practice at Huawei. Huawei has a famous reputation for incremental development. Only use the 20% feature to meet your 80% requirements first. I can develop and upgrade other features, so I will add numbers after the decimal point, so V1, V1.1, v1.11 .... the version never meets all your needs at once. Let's all think about it. No one has to come up with his own cell phone and try all the ping codes. We say no, most of our needs are to call, send messages, and play games, right? This is very important in project management. Please study it with relevant materials.
Project StakeholdersWho will give me an example? Right, including the wife and children of the project personnel. We can say that some projects require a lot of time. If your project succeeds, but the programmers of the project become bachelors, that item is still very failed, at least not the mad PM. It is very tiring to reasonably resolve the project stakeholder conflicts, including your managers, your chairman, your customers, and so on. Some of them are useless? Well, what should you do if your project is not progressing? Yes, for a meeting, you can find a senior manager to sit in the meeting room. You don't need to talk to him, just let him look at everyone. You will surely think that this guy must be related to the leadership, we are still doing a good job in this project, and we will try it out for him in the next project :) so let's analyze the stakeholders of your project in order not to be exhausted. We talked about some basic knowledge last time, what is Project Management and What is Project Management?

How many areas of knowledge do you know about Project Management? How many process groups do you have in project management? It reminds us of the bubble mm example, isn't it? What we emphasize over the past few days is the comparison between old mothers and QA.
What is an item? People often use "time", "resources (or lack of resources)", "some kind of work effort", "deliverables or products", and "integrated engineering ", "lack of authority over other teams" and "budget" to define it. In fact, a project is a unique effort to import or produce a new product or service in accordance with certain specifications and application standards. Such efforts should be completed within the limited time, cost, human resources, financial resources, and other project parameters.
First, let's define a project. What is a project? According to the pmpbok definition, a project is a process of striving to complete a unique product or provide a unique service within a period of time. This process is subject to time, manpower, resources, costs, and quality constraints. There are several features: 1. temporary 2. uniqueness 3. one-time, we will tell you which of the following is a project: a Hewlett-Packard and Compaq are restructured, and HP and Compaq are restructured. B. Build a new factory. C. Build a road. D. engineering materials. Purchase e. Development Software Package. f. Wedding Ceremony. G. Look for bin Laden. Some people say they are looking for bin Laden. Do you have a clear end time to look for bin Laden? Of course, we can assume that if we cannot find bin Laden for 50 years, the project will end, right? So today we will not discuss which project it is. All the problems should be put in a specific environment; otherwise, it will be meaningless.
Now you can start to ask questions.
What is WBS?
WBS is a work breakdown structure. It is like a road traffic diagram that guides you from the current position to the desired place. Without it, you may be lost. How to make a good WBS? Sometimes there are no examples before accepting a new project. It is really difficult to break it down,
Because each person has different ideas for solving problems, different people in the same project have many types of classification, because they can be divided according to the work flow or the system theory,
However, I think there is a very important principle that should be noted, that is, the essence of McKinsey. What they emphasize when breaking down work is MECE, muturally exclusive,
Collectively exhaustive, that is, the principle of mutual independence and full exhaustion, that is, the popular saying is "horizontal to the end, vertical to the edge". If this principle is adhered to during decomposition, I think there will be perfect WBS. In fact, WBS is not the "true pass" of PMI, but it is called WBS by PMI,
Sometimes we will solve the problem in a similar way at work, but it is not upgraded to the theoretical level, but WBS is indeed the core step of doing things. What do you need to pay attention to when creating a WBS?

? Level 1 is usually the same as the project life cycle (such as requirement analysis, design, procurement, construction ......)

? Level 1 should be completed before further project Decomposition

? Each level of WBS is a segment of the upper level)

? A work unit is only related to one upper unit.

? The work content of the upper-level unit should be equal to the sum of all its direct lower-level units.

? One person is responsible for a work unit

? Use the same definition in the entire WBS and the same in the entire Organization

? By incorporating people into WBS, he is encouraged to complete the plan. What is Gantt chart?

1. Activities are displayed in graphs or tables.
2. Now it is a general method for displaying progress.

3. The actual calendar day and duration should be included during the construction. Do not include weekends and holidays in progress

What is risk?
Ask a question: when is the initial and end phases of a project highly risky? Yes, it is at the beginning, because at the beginning I had countless uncontrollable factors. At what stage is the loss big? Yes, at the end, so the two are the opposite/
Therefore, when a project is started, the probability of success is the smallest, and the probability of risk occurrence is the highest. However, once the expected risk occurs, the loss is the smallest. Think about the many unfinished buildings in Guangzhou and Shenzhen? How much will be lost ???!!!!!
In addition, we need to clarify several definitions: 1 is deterministic. There is a clear possibility. For example, the victory or defeat in China and South Korea is obvious. :) 2 is a risk. It is a risk prediction that South Korea can win the Chinese team several goals. 3 is unknown. The Chinese and American match is unknown :)