"+", "-", "*", "/" these symbols on behalf of the mathematical operation of the "plus", "minus", "multiply", "except" four of the operational symbols. Use the & symbol to force two expressions to join together, for example: the database & Use guide will return: The Database Usage guide, which is to concatenate the two strings together, the left string in front and the right string behind. As shown in the following figure.
"=", ">", "The four symbols, <, <>, respectively, are equal to, greater than, less than, and not equal to, and are used to determine whether a condition is satisfied, for example:" = 34 "means that a value equal to 34 o'clock does not satisfy this condition. "<> Beijing" means that when a value is not equal to the string "Beijing", the condition is satisfied.
The three logical operators of "and", "or" and "not" are used to connect these conditional expressions above. For example, ">100 and <300" means that the condition is satisfied only if a value is greater than 100 and less than 300, and ">100 or <300" means that the value is greater than 100 or less than 300, in fact, any number satisfies the condition; >100 "This expression means that if the value is not greater than 100, this condition is satisfied.
There is also a "like", this symbol and how to use it? This symbol is often used to logically determine the value of a character that satisfies a format type. So usually "like" is not used alone, often with some other symbols: "?" Represents any single character; "*" means 0 or more characters; "#" represents any number; "[Character list]" represents any single character in a list of characters; "[!??????]" means any single character that is not in the list of characters. Let's look at a few examples, like "China?" the Strings "Chinese" and "Chinese characters" all meet this condition; like "China *" the string "China", "Chinese", "PBC" all satisfy this condition; like "Table #" the string "Table 1", "Table 2" all satisfy this condition; like "[Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou]" only Strings "Beijing", "Shanghai", "Guangzhou" can meet the conditions; like "[!] Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou]" then only the string "Beijing", "Shanghai", "Guangzhou" can not meet the conditions.
ASC (string expression)
Represents the character code for the first letter in the string, returning an Integer. But this string expression cannot be without, or there will be an error.
For example, ASC ("a") returns to the 65 ASC ("a") to return the ("Apple").
CHR (character code)
Use the CHR function to return the character that is represented by the specified. The number from 0 to 31 is the same as the standard nonprinting ASCII code. The normal range of character codes is 0–255. The ChrB function acts on the byte data contained in a String. ChrB always returns a single byte instead of returning a character, one character may be one or two bytes. The ChrW function returns a String containing Unicode, which is functionally the same as the CHR function on a platform that does not support Unicode.
Example: CHR (65) returns a CHR (97) returns a.
DAVG (Numeric data field, table, or query)
can be used to calculate the average of a set of numbers in a particular recordset (a domain);
For example, the DAVG (product unit price, product information table) returns the average of the product unit price in the Product information table.
DCount (numeric data fields, tables, or queries)
Can be used to determine the number of records in a particular recordset (a field);
For example: DCount (product unit price, product information table) returns the number of records in product unit price in the Product information table.
DLookup (numeric data fields, tables, or queries)
Used to get the value of a particular field from a specified recordset (a domain);
For example: DLookup (product price, product information table) returns the value in the product price list in the Product information table.
DMin (numeric data fields, tables or queries); DMax (numeric data fields, tables, or queries);
The DMin and DMAX functions are used to determine the minimum and maximum values in a specified set of records (a domain);
For example: DMin (product unit price, product information table) returns the minimum value in the Product price list in the Product information table.
DSum (numeric data fields, tables, or queries)
Used to calculate the sum of a set of values in the specified recordset (a domain);
For example: DMin (product price, product information table) return to the "product price" in the "products" in the and.
DVar (numeric data fields, tables, or queries) DVarP (numeric data fields, tables, or queries)
Used to estimate the variance of a set of values in a particular set of records (a domain), DVarP to compute the variance of the population, and the DVar function to compute the variance of the population sample; If fewer than two records are referenced, the DVar and DVarP functions return NULL, indicating that the variance cannot be computed.
numeric data fields
can be a string expression that identifies a field in a table or query, or an expression that performs a field calculation in a domain aggregate function. You can use the name of a field in a table, a control on a form, a constant, or a function in expr. Functions can be built-in or user-defined, but not another domain aggregate function or SQL aggregate function. Table or query: A string expression used to identify the recordset that makes up the domain.
DDB (Cost, salvage, life, period[, Factor])
Specifies the depreciation of an asset for a specified period, which can be computed using a double drop recovery balance method or other specified method. Cost necessary. Double Specifies the initial cost of the asset. Salvage necessary. Double. Specifies the value of the asset at the end of the service life. Life is necessary. Double Specifies the available age for which the asset is available. Period necessary. DOUBLE specifies the period during which the asset depreciation is calculated. Factor optional. A Variant specifies the speed at which the balance is recovered. If omitted, the default value is 2 (double drop method).
FV (Rate, nper, pmt[, pv[, type]])
Returns a Double specifying an annuity for future periodic fixed payments with a fixed interest rate.
Rate necessary. Double, specifying the interest rate for each issue. For example, if you have a loan with an annual percentage (APR) of 10% and a monthly payment for a car, the interest rate is 0.1/12 or 0.0083.
NPer necessary. Integer that specifies the total payment term for an annuity. For example, if you choose a monthly payment for a four-year car loan, the loan term has a total of 4 * 12 (or 48) payment periods.
Pmt necessary. Double Specifies the amount of the payment for each period. The payment amount usually contains the principal and interest, and the payment amount is unchanged during the active period of the annuity.
PV optional. A Variant that specifies the present value of a future series of payments (or lump sums). For example, when borrowing money to buy a car, the amount borrowed from the lender is the present value of the future monthly payment to the lender. If omitted, the default value is 0. Type is optional. Variant specifying the loan expiration time. If the loan expires at the end of the loan cycle, please use 0. If the loan expires at the beginning of the cycle, use 1. If omitted, the default value is 0.
Description: Annuity is a series of fixed cash payments over time. An annuity can be a loan (such as a home mortgage) or an investment (such as a monthly savings plan). During payment, the rate and nper parameters must be calculated in the same unit.
For example, if the rate is calculated in months, the nper must also be calculated in months. For all parameters, cash expenditures (such as savings deposits) are represented by negative numbers, and cash receipts (such as dividend cheques) are expressed in positive numbers.
IPMT (rate, per, nper, pv[, fv[, type]])
Returns a Double specifying the value of the interest paid for an annuity with fixed periodic payments and interest rates for a period of time.
Rate necessary. DOUBLE Specifies the interest rate for each issue. For example, if there is an annual percentage of loans (APR) of 10% and a monthly car loan, the interest rate for each issue is 0.1/12, or 0.0083.
Per necessary. Double Specifies the payment period in range 1 between nper.
NPer necessary. Double Specifies the total number of payment periods for an annuity. For example, if you choose a monthly payment for a four-year car loan, the loan has a total of 4 * 12 (or 48) payment periods.
PV necessary. Double, specifying the present value of a future series of payments or receipts. For example, when borrowing money to buy a car, the amount lent to the lender is the present value for future monthly payments to the lender.
FV Optional. A Variant specifies the future value or cash balance that is desired after a loan is paid. For example, the future value of a loan is 0 dollars after the loan is paid off. However, if you want to save 50,000 dollars for the Children's Education Fund in 18 years, then 50,000 dollars will be the future value. If omitted, the default value is 0.
Type is optional. Variant Specifies the loan expiration time. If the loan expires at the end of the loan cycle, please use 0. If the loan expires at the beginning of the cycle, use 1. If omitted, the default value is 0.
Description: Annuity refers to a series of fixed cash payments over a period of time. An annuity can be a loan (such as a home mortgage) or an investment (such as a monthly savings plan). Rate and NPer parameters must be computed in the same unit during payment. For example, if rate is calculated in months, the nper must also be calculated in months. For all parameters, cash expenditures (such as savings deposits) are represented by negative numbers, and cash receipts (such as dividend cheques) are expressed in positive numbers.
IRR (values () [, guess])
Returns a Double specifying the internal interest rate for a series of periodic cash flows (payments or receipts).
VALUES () necessary. Double array, specifying the cash flow value. This array must contain at least one negative value (payment) and a positive value (revenue).
Guess Optional. Variant that specifies the estimate that IRR returns. If omitted, the Guess is 0.1 (10%).
Note: The internal rate of return is the rate at which an investment with expenditure and income is received at a normal time interval. The IRR function uses the order of the values in the array to explain the order of payments and receipts. To ensure that payments and income are in the right order, cash flow for each period does not have to be fixed as an annuity. IRR is computed by iteration. Starting with the value of guess, IRR loops through the calculations until the accuracy reaches 1e-05%. The IRR calculation fails if the result cannot be obtained after 20 iterations of the test.
MIRR (values (), finance_rate, reinvest_rate)
Returns a Double specifying the internal interest rate for a series of modified periodic cash flows (payments or receipts).
VALUES () necessary. Double array, specifying the cash flow value. This array must contain at least one negative value (payment) and a positive value (revenue).
Finance_rate necessary. Double Specifies the payment rate on the financial cost.
Reinvest_rate necessary. DOUBLE Specifies the interest rate earned by the cash reinvestment.
Note: The revised return internal rate refers to the internal rate at which the expenditure and income are calculated at different interest rates. The MIRR function takes into account both the cost of investment (finance_rate) and the interest rate of cash reinvestment (reinvest_rate). The finance_rate and reinvest_rate parameters are percentages expressed in decimal numbers. For example, 0.12 means 12%. The MIRR function interprets the order of payments and receipts in numerical order in the array. Make sure that payments and revenue are entered in the correct order.
NPer (Rate, PMT, pv[, fv[, type])
Returns a Double specifying the total number of periods for which fixed payments are scheduled and where the interest rate is constant.
Rate necessary. DOUBLE Specifies the interest rate for each issue. For example, if there is an annual percentage of loans (APR) for a car loan of 10% and a monthly payment, the interest rate for each issue is 0.1/12 or 0.0083.
Pmt necessary. Double Specifies the amount to be paid for each period. The payment amount usually contains the principal and interest, and the payment amount is unchanged during the period of validity of the annuity.
PV necessary. Double specifies the present value of a future series of payments or receipts. For example, when a loan is made to buy a car, the amount borrowed from the lender is the present value for future monthly payments to the lender.
FV Optional. A Variant specifies the future value or cash balance that is desired after a loan is paid. For example, the future value of a loan is 0 dollars after the loan is paid off. However, if you want to save 50,000 dollars for the Children's Education Fund in 18 years, then 50,000 dollars will be the future value. If omitted, the default value is 0.
Type is optional. Variant Specifies the loan expiration time. If the loan expires at the end of the loan cycle, use 0, and if the loan expires at the beginning of the cycle, use 1. If omitted, the default value is 0.
Said next year Gold is a series of fixed cash payments over a period of time. An annuity can be a loan (such as a home mortgage) or an investment (such as a monthly savings plan). For all parameters, cash expenditures (such as savings deposits) are represented by negative numbers, and cash receipts (such as dividend cheques) are expressed in positive numbers.
NPV (Rate, values ())
Returns a Double specifying the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows (payments and receipts) and a discount rate.
Rate necessary. Double Specifies the discount rate for a period, expressed in decimal notation.
VALUES () necessary. Double array to specify the cash flow value. This array must contain at least one negative value (payment) and a positive value (revenue).
Note: The net present value of the fund is the current value of a series of payments or receipts in the future. The NPV function uses the order of the values in the array to explain the order of payments and receipts. Make sure that the payment and revenue values are entered in the correct order. The NPV investment begins the calculation period before the first cash flow value and ends with the last cash flow value in the array. The net present value is calculated according to the future cash flow. If the first cash flow occurs at the beginning of the first period, the value returned by NPV must be added with the first value to be the net present value. and the values () array cannot contain the first value. The NPV function is similar to the PV function (present value), except that the PV function allows cash flow at the beginning or end of a period. Unlike the variable NPV cash flow value, the PV cash flow must be fixed throughout the investment period.
PMT (Rate, nper, pv[, fv[, type])
Returns a Double specifying the amount of annuity payments that are fixed based on periodic fixed payments and interest rates.
Rate necessary. DOUBLE Specifies the interest rate for each issue. For example, if you have a loan with a percentage rate (APR) of 10% and a monthly payment for a car, the interest rate for each issue is 0.1/12 or 0.0083.
NPer necessary. Integer Specifies the total number of payment periods for an annuity. For example, if a monthly payment is selected for a four-year car loan, the loan will have a total of 4 * 12 (or 48) payment periods.
PV necessary. Double specifies the present value of a future series of payments or receipts. For example, when a loan is made to buy a car, the amount borrowed from the lender is the present value for future monthly payments to the lender.
FV Optional. A Variant specifies the future value or cash balance that is desired after a loan is paid. For example, the future value of a loan is 0 dollars after the loan is paid off. However, if you want to save 50,000 dollars for the Children's Education Fund in 18 years, then 50,000 dollars will be the future value. If omitted, the default value is 0.
Type is optional. Variant specifying the loan expiration time. If the loan expires at the end of the loan cycle, please use 0. If the loan expires at the beginning of the cycle, use 1. If omitted, the default value is 0.
Description: An annuity is a series of fixed cash payments over a period of time, which can be a loan (such as a home mortgage) or an investment (such as a monthly savings plan). Rate and NPer parameters must be computed in the same unit during payment.
For example, if rate is calculated in months, the nper must also be calculated in months. For all parameters, cash expenditures (such as savings deposits) are represented by negative numbers, and cash receipts (such as dividend cheques) are expressed in positive numbers.
PPMT (rate, per, nper, pv[, fv[, type]])
Rate necessary. DOUBLE Specifies the interest rate for each issue. For example, if you have a loan with a percentage rate (APR) of 10% and a monthly payment for a car, the interest rate for each issue is 0.1/12 or 0.0083.
Per necessary. The Integer specifies the payment period in the range 1 between nper.
NPer necessary. Integer Specifies the total number of payment periods for an annuity. For example, if a monthly payment is selected for a four-year car loan, the loan will have a total of 4 * 12 (or 48) payment periods.
PV necessary. Double specifies the present value of a future series of payments or receipts. For example, when a loan is made to buy a car, the amount borrowed from the lender is the present value for future monthly payments to the lender.
FV Optional. A Variant specifies the expected future value or cash balance value after the loan is paid off. For example, the future value of a loan is 0 dollars after the loan is paid off. However, if you want to save 50,000 dollars for the Children's Education Fund in 18 years, then 50,000 dollars will be the future value. If omitted, the default value is 0.
Type is optional. Variant Specifies the loan expiration time. If the loan expires at the end of the loan cycle, use 0. If the loan expires at the beginning of the cycle, use 1. If omitted, the default value is 0.
Description: Gold is a series of fixed cash payments over a period of time. An annuity can be a loan (such as a home mortgage) or an investment (such as a monthly savings plan). Rate and NPer parameters must be computed in the same unit during payment.
For example, if rate is calculated in months, the nper must also be calculated in months. For all parameters, cash expenditures (such as savings deposits) are represented by negative numbers, and cash receipts (such as dividend cheques) are expressed in positive numbers.
PV (Rate, nper, pmt[, fv[, type])
Returns a Double specifying the present value of an annuity in the future, fixed payments, and interest rates.
Rate necessary. DOUBLE Specifies the interest rate for each issue. For example, if you have a loan with a percentage rate (APR) of 10% and a monthly payment for a car, the interest rate for each issue is 0.1/12 or 0.0083.
NPer necessary. Integer Specifies the total number of payment periods for an annuity. For example, if a monthly payment is selected for a four-year car loan, the loan will have a total of 4 * 12 (or 48) payment periods.
Pmt necessary. Double Specifies the amount of the payment for each period. The payment amount usually contains the principal and interest, and the payment amount is unchanged during the period of validity of the annuity.
FV Optional. A Variant that specifies the future value or cash balance that is desired after a loan has been paid. For example, the future value of a loan is 0 dollars after the loan is paid off. However, if you want to save 50,000 dollars for the Children's Education Fund in 18 years, then 50,000 dollars will be the future value. If omitted, the default value is 0.
Type is optional. Variant Specifies the loan expiration time. If the loan expires at the end of the loan cycle, use 0. If the loan expires at the beginning of the cycle, use 1. If omitted, the default value is 0.
Description: Annuity is a series of fixed cash payments over a period of time. An annuity can be a loan (such as a home mortgage) or an investment (such as a monthly savings plan). Rate and NPer parameters must be computed in the same unit during payment. For example, if rate is calculated in months, the nper must also be calculated in months. For all parameters, cash expenditures (such as savings deposits) are expressed in negative numbers, while cash receipts (such as dividend cheques) are indicated by positive numbers.
Rate (NPer, PMT, pv[, fv[, type[, Guess]])
Returns a Double specifying the annuity rate for each period.
NPer necessary. Double Specifies the total number of payment periods for an annuity. For example, if a monthly payment is selected for a four-year car loan, the loan will have a total of 4 * 12 (or 48) payment periods.
Pmt necessary. Double, specifying the amount of payment for each issue. The payment amount usually contains the principal and interest, and the payment amount is unchanged during the period of validity of the annuity.
PV necessary. Double specifies the present value of a future series of payments or receipts. For example, when a loan is made to buy a car, the amount borrowed from the lender is the present value for future monthly payments to the lender.
FV Optional. A Variant specifies the future value or cash balance that is desired after a loan is paid. For example, the future value of a loan is 0 dollars after the loan is paid off. However, if you want to save 50,000 dollars for the Children's Education Fund in 18 years, then 50,000 dollars will be the future value. If omitted, the default value is 0.
Type is optional. Variant, specify the loan expiration date, if the loan expires at the end of the loan cycle, use 0. If the loan expires at the beginning of the cycle, use 1. If omitted, the default value is 0.
Guess Optional. The Variant specifies the estimated value returned by the Rate. If omitted, the Guess is 0.1 (10%).
Description: An annuity is a series of fixed cash payments over a period of time, and an annuity can be a loan (such as a home mortgage) or an investment (such as a monthly savings plan). For all parameters, cash expenditures (such as savings deposits) are expressed in negative numbers, while cash receipts (such as dividend cheques) are indicated by positive numbers. The Rate is iterative computation. Start with the value of the Guess and Rate the loop until the accuracy reaches 1e-05%. Rate calculation fails If the result cannot be obtained after 20 iterations of the test. If the guess is 10% and the Rate calculation fails, try a different guess. value.
| The following are the referenced contents: SLN (Cost, salvage, life) SYD (Cost, salvage, life, period) |
Note: Life and period parameters must be represented in the same units. For example, if life is expressed in months, then period must also be expressed in months. All parameters must be positive numbers.
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