Advanced awk commands

Advanced awk commands
Built-in function mathematical functions

Atan2 (y, x)	Calculate the arc tangent of y/x
Cos (x)	Returns the cosine of x. x is a radian.
Sin (x)	Returns the sine of x. x is a radian.
Exp (x)	Calculate the x power of e
Log (x)	Calculate the natural logarithm of x
Sqrt (x)	Returns the square root of x.
Int (x)	Returns the value of x truncated to an integer.
Rand ()	Returns a random number ranging from 0 ~ 1, less than 1
Srand (x)	Set the seed value of the rand function. If the parameter is omitted, the time is used as the parameter. Returns the previous seed value.

Awk 'in in {printexp (1)} '2. 71828awk 'in in {printsqrt (25)} '5awk' BEGIN {printlog (exp (1)} '1awk' BEGIN {printint (5.5)} '5 does not use srand, the Random Number of rand is the same every time awk 'in in {printrand ()} '0. 237788awk 'in in {printrand ()} '0. 237788 after srand is used, awk 'in in {srand (); printrand ()} '0 is different each time. 110823awk 'in in {srand (); printrand ()} '0. 681478

String Functions

Gsub (pattern, des, src)	Replace all src strings matched by pattern with des.
Sub (pattern, des, src)	Use des to replace the first string matched by pattern in src. The number of replicas returned by the function. If the src parameter is not specified, the default value is the entire record ($0)
Index (str1, Str2)	The position where the string in str2 appears in str1 starting from 1. If no value exists, 0 is returned.
Length (str)	Returns the length (in character format) of the string specified by the str parameter ). If the str parameter is not given, the length of the entire record is returned ($0)
Substr (str, ptr, n)	Returns a string whose length starts from ptr to n in string s. If n is not specified, returns the string at the position specified by ptr to the end of the str parameter.
Match (str, pattern)	Returns the starting position of matching pattern in str, and sets the RLENGTH variable to the number of matching results. If no match exists, RLENGTH is-1.
Split (str, array, [pattern])	Splits the str string by the separator pattern and exists in the array. Use the default delimiter when pattern is omitted
Tolower (str)	Returns the string specified by the str parameter. Each uppercase character in the string is changed to lowercase.
Toupper (str)	Returns the string specified by the str parameter. Each lowercase character in the string is changed to uppercase.
Sprintf (format, expr, expr ,...)	Returns the formatted string.

cat tmp.txtstr strstr strawk '{sub(/str/,"123");print $0}' tmp.txt123ing strstr strawk '{gsub(/str/,"123");print $0}' tmp.txt123ing 123ing123ing 123ingawk 'BEGIN{print index("1234","23")}'2awk 'BEGIN{print length("1234")}'4$awk 'BEGIN{print substr("1234",2,2)}'23awk 'BEGIN{print substr("1234",2)}'234awk 'BEGIN{print match("abcd",/cd/);print RLENGTH}'32awk 'BEGIN{print match("abcd",/e/);print RLENGTH}'0$awk 'BEGIN {split("123;456;789",array,/;/);i=0;for(i in array)print array[i]}'123456789awk 'BEGIN {print toupper("string");}'STRINGawk 'BEGIN {print tolower("STRING");}'stringawk 'BEGIN {a=1;b="string";print sprintf("hello %d hello %s",a,b);}'hello 1 hello string

Other functions

Close (filenameORcommand)	Close open files or pipelines. If the call succeeds, 0 is returned. Otherwise, a non-zero value is returned.
System (command)	Run the command specified by the command parameter and return the exit status. Equivalent to the system subroutine
Expression | getline [variable]	The expression command output is read into variable through the pipeline. If the expression pipeline is not opened yet, the pipeline is created and read-only. As long as the pipeline remains open, the next row of records will be read for each call to the getline function. If the variable parameter is not specified, the $0 record variable is set to the value of the record, and the NF, NR, and FNR special variables are also set.
Getline [variable] <filename	Read the next record from the file specified by filename and the record is in variable. As long as the input stream remains open and the filename parameter evaluates the same string, the next row of records will be read for each call to the getline function. If the variable parameter is not specified, the $0 record variable is set to the value of the record, and the NF, NR, and FNR special variables are also set.
Getline [variable]	Set the variable specified by the variable parameter to the next input record read from the current input file. If the variable parameter is not specified, the $0 record variable is set to the value of the record, and the NF, NR, and FNR special variables are also set.

awk 'BEGIN{system("cat tmp.txt")}'string stringstring stringawk 'BEGIN {"cat ~/tmp.txt"  | getline;print $0;close("cat ~/tmp.txt");}'string stringstring stringawk 'BEGIN {getline a< "tmp.txt";print a;close("tmp.txt");}'string stringstring string

Mktime ("yyyy mm dd hh mm ss ")	Generation Time Format
Strftime ([format [, timestamp])	Format the time output and convert the timestamp into a time string.
Systime ()	Returns the total number of seconds from January 1, January 1, 1970 to the current time (excluding the leap year ).

awk 'BEGIN{last=mktime("2012 01 02 03 04 05");print strftime("%Y %m %d %H %M %S",last)}'2012 01 02 03 04 05

Format	Description
%	Sun)
%	Sunday)
% B	Abbreviated monthly name (Oct)
% B	October)
% C	Local Date and Time
% D	Decimal date
% D	The date is 08/20/99.
% E	Date. If only one digit is filled with a space
% H	The hour in the 24-hour format in decimal format
% I	12 hours in decimal format
% J	The day of the year from January 1, January 1
% M	Month in decimal format
% M	Minute in decimal format
% S	Seconds in decimal format
% U	The day of the year in decimal format (Sunday is the start of a week)
% W	The day of the week in decimal format (Sunday is 0)
% W	Day of the year in decimal format (Monday is the start of a week)
% X	Reset local date (08/20/99)
% X	Reset local time (12:00:00)
% Y	Two-digit year (99)
% Y	Year in full number
% Z	Time zone (PDT)
% P	12-hour representation (AM/PM)
%	Percent (%)

Custom Functions

Similar to C functions, but the parameter type and return value type.

Function definitions start with functions and can be defined anywhere in a non-statement block.

Function call provides zero or more parameters. For missing parameters, the default value is 0 or an empty string.

You can use the return keyword to end the function and return it in advance.

If the parameter of the function is a scalar, it is a value, and the array is a reference. Changing the value of the array in the function can change the value in the global array.

$0, $1, $2... all scripts are used by default. It can be considered global no matter inside or outside the function.

Awk 'in in {print max (1, 2, 3)} function max (a, B, c) {a = a> B? A: B; return a> c? A: c;} '3awk' BEGIN {print max (1, 2, 3)} function max (a, B, c) {a = a> B? A: B; return a; a> c? A: c;} '2awk' BEGIN {print max (1, 2, 3)} function max (a, B, c) {a = a> B? A: B; a> c? A: c;} 'Output Space

Command Line Mode: awk [option] 'commands' enter the shell script of the file to write all the awk commands in one file and make the awk program executable, then the awk command interpreter serves as the first line of the script.
Equivalent to the first line of shell script :#! /Bin/sh, which can be changed :#! /Bin/awk-fawk-f inserts all the awk commands into a separate file, and then calls:
Awk-f awk script input file
-F option: load the awk script. Include and load

You can reference other awk scripts or library functions in an awk script.

Use the keyword include and load to reference @ include "filename" @ load "filename"

You can also specify include-file through-I, and specify load-lib through-l.

The default search path of the file is specified by AWKPATH and AWKLIBPATH in the environment variable ENVIRON.

awk 'BEGIN{print sprintf("AWKPATH =" ENVIRON["AWKPATH"])}'AWKPATH =.:/usr/share/awkawk 'BEGIN{print sprintf("AWKLIBPATH =" ENVIRON["AWKLIBPATH"])}'AWKLIBPATH =/usr/lib/gawk

In the awksrc file, cat awksrcfunction max (a, B, c) {a = a> B? A: B; return a> c? A: c;} function min (a, B, c) {a = a <B? A: B; return a <c? A: c;} cat testawk. awk #! /Bin/awk-f @ include "awksrc" BEGIN {print "Enter three numbers and the maximum value will be output:"} {print max ($1, $2, $3)}; run :. /testawk. awk input 3 numbers, will output the maximum value: 1 2 33