Ai Second Job

2.9 With the following statements, please use the corresponding predicate formula to express them separately.
(1) Some people like plum blossom, some people like Chrysanthemum, some people both like plum blossom and like chrysanthemum.

Solution: Defining predicates

People P (x): X is Human

Like L (x, y): × likes y

Where Y's individual domain is {plum, chrysanthemum}

The knowledge is represented by a predicate formula:(∃x) (P (x)) →l (x, Plum) ∨l (x, Chrysanthemum) ∨l (x, Plum) λl (x, chrysanthemum))

(2) Some people go to play basketball every afternoon.

Solution: Defining predicates

People P (x): X is Human

Basketball B (x): X Play Basketball

Afternoon A (Y): Y is afternoon

The knowledge is represented by a predicate formula: (∃x) (∀y) (A (y) →b (x) λp (x))

(3) The new type of computer is fast and the storage capacity is large.

Solution: Defining predicates

New computer NC (x): X is a new type of computer

Fast F (x): Fast x speed

Large L (x): Large x capacity

The knowledge is represented by a predicate formula as: (∀x) (NC (x) →f (x) λl (x))

(4) Not every computer department student likes the computer creates Macintosh program.

Solution: Defining predicates

Student S (x): X is a student of computer science

Like L (x,pragramming): x likes programming

Use U (x,computer): x using computer

The knowledge is represented by a predicate formula:∀x (S (x) →l (x,pragramming) λu (x,computer))

(5) Anyone who likes to program is fond of computers.

Solution: Defining predicates

People P (x): X is Human

Like L (x, y): × likes y

The knowledge is represented by a predicate formula:(∀x) (P (x)λl (x,pragramming)→l (x, Computer))

2.11 The problem of farmer, wolf, goat and cabbage by means of predicate notation
The farmer, the wolf, the goat, the cabbage all on the left bank of a river, now to send them all to the right bank of the river, the farmer has a boat, when the river, in addition to the farmer outside the ship can carry a wolf, goat, cabbage in one. The wolf wants to eat the sheep, the goat eats the cabbage, except the farmer is there. Plan for a safe crossing across the river. Please write out the definition of the predicate used, and give the function of each predicate and the individual domain of the change.

Solution: (1) First define a predicate that describes the state

To describe the problem, you need to be able to explain where the farmer, wolf, sheep, cabbage, and boat are located, and for the simplification of the problem, cancel the ship's state of travel in the river, describing only the left and right bank states. And because the state of the Left bank and the right bank are complementary, it is possible to directly describe the state of the left bank or the right bank. The method of choosing a direct description of the left bank is to define the predicate as follows:

AL (x): X on the left bank

where X's individual domain is {farmer, ship, wolf, sheep, cabbage}, so

¬al (x): X on the right bank

Initial state of the problem:

AL (Farmer)

AL (ship)

AL (Wolf)

AL (sheep)

AL (cabbage)

The target state of the problem:

¬al (Farmer)

      ¬ AL (ship)

¬al (Wolf)

¬al (sheep)

¬al (cabbage)

(2) redefine the predicate that describes the operation:

L-r: The farmer himself rowed from the left bank to the right bank

l-r (x): farmer with x boating from left bank to right bank

R-l: The farmer himself rowed from the right bank to the left bank

R-l (x): farmer with x boating from right bank to left bank

where X's individual domain is {wolf, lamb, cabbage}

For each of these operations, both the condition and the action are included.

They correspond to the following conditions and actions:

L-r: The farmer himself rowed from the left bank to the right bank

Conditions: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), ¬al (Wolf) ∨¬al (sheep), ¬al (sheep) ∨¬al (cabbage)

Action: Delete table: Al (ship), Al (Farmer)

Add Table: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer)

L-r (Wolf): Farmer boating with wolves from left Bank to right bank

Conditions: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), AL (Wolf), ¬al (sheep)

Action: Delete table: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), AL (Wolf)

Add Table: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer), ¬al (Wolf)

L-r (sheep): Farmer boating from left bank to right bank with sheep

Conditions: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), Al (sheep), Al (Wolf), AL (cabbage)

Or: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), Al (sheep), ¬al (Wolf), ¬al (cabbage)

Action: Delete table: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), Al (sheep)

Added tables: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer), ¬al (sheep)

L-r (cabbage): Farmer boating from left bank to right bank with cabbage

Conditions: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), AL (cabbage), ¬al (Wolf)

Action: Delete table: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), AL (cabbage)

Add Table: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer), ¬al (cabbage)

R-l: Farmer boating from right bank to left bank

Conditions: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer), AL (Wolf) ∨¬al (sheep), ¬al (sheep) ∨al (cabbage)

Or: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer), ¬al (Wolf), ¬al (cabbage), AL (sheep)

Action: Delete table: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer)

Add Table: Al (ship), Al (Farmer)

R-l (sheep): farmer boating from right bank to left bank with sheep

Conditions: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer), ¬al (sheep), ¬al (Wolf), ¬al (sheep), ¬al (cabbage)

Action: Delete table: ¬al (ship), ¬al (farmer), ¬al (sheep)

Add Table: Al (ship), Al (Farmer), Al (sheep)

(3) Problem solving process:

AL (Farmer)

L-r (sheep) →

AL (Wolf)

R-l →

AL (Farmer)

L-r (Wolf) →

AL (cabbage)

R-l (sheep)

AL (Farmer)

L-r (cabbage) →

AL (sheep)

R-l →

AL (Farmer)

L-r (sheep) →

¬al (Farmer)

AL (ship)

AL (cabbage)

AL (ship)

¬al (Farmer)

AL (ship)

¬al (Farmer)

AL (ship)

¬al (ship)

AL (Wolf)

¬al (Farmer)

AL (Wolf)

¬al (ship)

AL (sheep)

¬al (ship)

AL (sheep)

¬al (sheep)

AL (sheep)

¬al (ship)

AL (cabbage)

¬al (Wolf)

AL (cabbage)

¬al (cabbage)

¬al (cabbage)

¬al (cabbage)

AL (cabbage)

¬al (sheep)

¬al (sheep)

¬al (sheep)

¬al (Wolf)

¬al (Wolf)

¬al (Wolf)

¬al (Wolf)

2.16 write out their semantic networks for each of the following propositions:
(1) Each student has a computer.

Solution:

Each student	Yes	A single computer
	→

(2) High teacher from March to July to the computer department students to talk about the "computer network" class.

Solution:

Miss Gao

From →

March to July

To give →

Computer students

Speak →

"Computer Network" class

(3) There are men, women, graduate students and undergraduates.

Solution:

Classes	Yes →	Man	Woman
		↑	↑
		Students
		↓	↓
		Graduate	Undergraduate

(4) The innovation Company at 56th Hoi An avenue, Liu Yang is the company's manager, he is 32 years old, Master's degree.

Solution:

Manager 32-year-old--→ Liu Yang ——— → innovation Company ——— → no. 56th, ke Hai Avenue ↓ Master's Degree

(5) The red team played football with the Blue team and ended with 3:2 points.

Solution:

Red Team--→ football match ←--Blue Team ↓ Score 3:2 End

2.17 Please express the following proposition in a semantic network.
(1) Trees and grasses are plants.
(2) Both the tree and the grass have leaves and roots.
(3) Weeds are grass and grow in water.
(4) fruit trees are trees and will result.
(5) Pear tree is a kind of fruit tree, she will knot pear.

Solution:

Pear trees	→	Fruit trees	→	Tree	→	Plant	←	Grass	←	Plants
↑	↑	↑		 	↑	↑
Knot Pear		Results		There are leaves and roots				There are leaves and roots		Growing in the water

Ai Second Job