Android TCP/IP Literacy tutorial

• TCP/IP is the communication protocol of the Internet.

A communication protocol is a description of the rules that a computer must obey, and the computer can communicate only if the rules are followed.

• Both the browser and the server are using TCP/IP

Both Internet browsers and Internet services use TCP/IP to connect to the Internet. The browser uses TCP/IP to access the Internet server, and the server uses TCP/IP to return HTML to the browser.

• E-Mail also uses TCP/IP

e-mail programs use TCP/IP to connect to the Internet in order to send and receive mail.

• The Internet address is also TCP/IP

Your Internet address. 211.161.247.1 is also part of the standard TCP/IP protocol.

• TCP/IP is a communication protocol for the Internet (Internet).
• Computer Communication Protocol

A computer communication protocol is a description of the rules that computers must follow to communicate with each other.

• What is TCP/IP?

TCP/IP is a communication protocol for communicating with computers connected to the Internet.

TCP/IP refers to Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (Transmission Control Protocol/ I nternet Protocol).

TCP/IP defines how electronic devices, such as computers, are connected to the Internet and the standard of how data is transmitted between them.

• Inside the TCP/IP

Contains a series of protocols for handling data communication in TCP/IP:

• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)-Communication between applications
• UDP (User Packet Protocol)-Simple communication between applications
• IP (Internet Protocol)-Communication between computers
• ICMP (Internet Message Control Protocol)-for errors and status
• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)-for dynamic addressing

You will learn more about these standards in this tutorial.

• TCP uses a fixed connection

TCP is used for communication between applications.

When an application wants to communicate with another application over TCP, it sends a communication request. This request must be sent to an exact address. After the two parties "handshake", TCP will establish a full-duplex (Full-duplex) communication between the two applications.

This full-duplex communication will occupy a communication line between two computers until it is closed by one or both parties.

UDP and TCP are similar, but simpler and less reliable than TCP.

• IP is non-connected

IP is used for communication between computers.

IP is a non-connected communication protocol. It does not occupy two communication lines between the computers that are communicating. In this way, IP reduces the need for network lines. Each line can meet the communication needs between many different computers at the same time.

by IP, messages (or other data) are split into small, separate packages that are transmitted between computers via the Internet.

The IP is responsible for routing each packet to its destination.

• IP Routers

When an IP packet is sent from a computer, it will reach an IP router.

The IP router is responsible for routing the packet to its destination, either directly or through another router.

In the same communication, the path that a package passes through may be different from other packages. Routers are responsible for proper addressing based on traffic, errors in the network, or other parameters.

• Tcp / ip

TCP/IP means that TCP and IPs work together in tandem.

TCP is responsible for the communication between the application software (such as your browser) and the network software.

IP is responsible for communication between computers.

TCP is responsible for splitting and loading the data into IP packets and then re-grouping them when they arrive.

The IP is responsible for sending the package to the recipient.

• TCP/IP uses 32 bits or 4 digits from 0 to 255 to address the computer.
• IP Address

Each computer must have an IP address in order to be able to connect to the Internet.

Each IP packet must have an address to be able to be sent to another computer.

In the next section of this tutorial, you will learn more about IP addresses and IP names.

• The IP address consists of 4 digits:

This is your IP address:211.161.247.1

TCP/IP uses 4 digits to address a computer. Each computer must have a unique 4-digit address.

The numbers are between 0 and 255, separated by dots, like this: 192.168.1.60

• TCP uses a fixed connection

TCP is used for communication between applications.

When an application wants to communicate with another application over TCP, it sends a communication request. This request must be sent to an exact address. After the two parties "handshake", TCP will establish a full-duplex (Full-duplex) communication between the two applications.

This full-duplex communication will occupy a communication line between two computers until it is closed by one or both parties.

UDP and TCP are similar, but simpler and less reliable than TCP.

• 32 bit = 4 bytes

TCP/IP uses 32 bits for addressing. A computer byte is 8 bits. So TCP/IP uses 4 bytes.

A computer byte can contain 256 different values:

00000000, 00000001, 00000010, 00000011, 00000100, 00000101, 00000110, 00000111, 00001000 ... Until 11111111.

Now, you know why the TCP/IP address is a 4 number between 0 and 255.

• Domain name

12 of Arabic numerals are hard to remember. It's easier to use a name.

The name used for the TCP/IP address is called the domain name. Baidu.com is a domain name.

When you type a domain name like http://www.baidu.com, the domain name is translated into numbers by a DNS program.

In the world, a large number of DNS servers are connected to the Internet. The DNS server is responsible for translating the domain name into a TCP/IP address and is responsible for updating each other's systems with the new domain name information.

This information is updated by DNS servers around the world when a new domain name is registered with its TCP/IP address.

• TCP/IP is a large collection of different communication protocols.
• Protocol family

TCP/IP is a large collection of different communication protocols based on both the initial protocols of TCP and IPs.

• TCP-Transmission Control Protocol

TCP is used for data transfer control from the application to the network.

TCP is responsible for splitting them into IP packets before the data is delivered, and then reorganizing them when they arrive.

• IP-Internet Protocol

IP is responsible for communication between computers.

IP is responsible for sending and receiving packets on the Internet.

• HTTP-Hypertext Transfer Protocol

HTTP is responsible for communication between the Web server and the Web browser.

HTTP is used to send requests from the Web client (browser) to the Web server and return content (Web pages) from the Web server to the Web client.

• HTTPS-Secure HTTP

HTTPS is responsible for secure communication between the Web server and the Web browser.

As a representative application, HTTPS is used to process credit card transactions and other sensitive data.

• SSL-Secure Sockets Layer

The SSL protocol is used to encrypt data for safe data transfer.

• SMTP-Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SMTP is used for the transmission of e-mail.

• MIME-Multi-purpose Internet Mail extension

The MIME protocol makes SMTP capable of transmitting multimedia files over a TCP/IP network, including sound, video, and binary data.

• IMAP-Internet Message Access Protocol

IMAP is used to store and retrieve e-mail.

• POP-Post Office Protocol

POP is used to download e-mails from the email server to the PC.

• FTP-File Transfer Protocol

FTP is responsible for file transfer between computers.

• NTP-Network Time Protocol

NTP is used to synchronize the time (clock) between computers.

• DHCP-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DHCP is used to assign dynamic IP addresses to computers in the network.

• SNMP-Simple Network Management Protocol

SNMP is used for the management of computer networks.

• LDAP-Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

LDAP is used to collect information about users and e-mail addresses from the Internet.

• ICMP-Internet Message Control Protocol

ICMP is responsible for error handling in the network.

• Arp-address Resolution Protocol

ARP-Used to locate the hardware address of a computer card based on IP address via IP.

• Rarp-reverse Address Resolution Protocol

RARP is used to find the IP address of a computer card based on the IP address of the hardware.

• Bootp-boot Protocol

BOOTP is used to boot computers from the network.

• PPTP-Point-to-Point Tunneling protocol

PPTP is used for connections between private networks (tunnels).

• E-Mail is one of the most important applications of TCP/IP.
• You don't have to use ...

When you write a message, you don't use TCP/IP.

When you write an email, you use an e-mail program, such as Notes for Lotus Software, Outlook from Microsoft, or Netscape Communicator, or foxmail, and so on.

• The mail program will use ...

Your e-mail program uses a different TCP/IP protocol:

• Use SMTP to send mail
• Use POP to download messages from a mail server
• Connect to a mail server using IMAP
• SMTP-Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

The SMTP protocol is used to transfer e-mail. SMTP is responsible for sending the message to another computer.

Typically, messages are sent to one mail server (SMTP server) and then to another (or several) servers, which are then eventually sent to its destination.

SMTP can also transmit plain text, but it cannot transmit binary data such as slices, sounds, or movies.

SMTP uses the MIME protocol to send binary data over a TCP/IP network. The MIME protocol converts binary data to plain text.

• POP-Post Office Protocol

The POP protocol is used by the mail program to retrieve mail from the mail server.

If your mail program uses POP, once it connects to the mail server, all of your messages will be downloaded to the mail program (or the mail client).

• IMAP-Internet Message Access Protocol

Similar to POP, IMAP protocols are also used by mail programs.

The main difference between the IMAP protocol and the POP protocol is that if IMAP is connected to a mail server, it does not automatically download messages to the mail program.

IMAP gives you the ability to see them through the mail server before downloading the messages. With IMAP, you can choose to download these messages or simply delete them. For example, you need to access the mail server from a different location, but you just want to get back to the office and then download the message, which is useful in situations like IMAP.