ArcGIS for desktop Getting Started Tutorial _ sixth _ making a map with ArcMap-ArcGIS know-Next generation ArcGIS Quiz community

Original: ArcGIS for Desktop Tutorial _ sixth _ making a map with ArcMap-ArcGIS know-Next generation ArcGIS Quiz community

1 Making a map with ArcMap
As part of ArcGIS for desktop, ArcMap is used for data browsing, editing, display, querying, map typesetting, and more. Together, ArcMap and arccatalog form the complete function of data processing and management analysis. The use of Arccatalog has been described in the previous chapter, and the use of ArcMap is described in this chapter. The example in this chapter still uses the plot diagram example in the 4th chapter, but will do more detailed explanation from the point of view of principle. This chapter includes the following main elements:
· ArcMap Interface and data addition
· Data editing
· Layer Symbolization
· Inquire
· Marking
· Map Layout Decoration

1.1 layers, data frames, and maps
Before you get familiar with arcmap operations, we should first identify a few important basic concepts: layers, data frames, and maps.

In the previous chapter, the data we saw in Arccatalog had vector feature classes and raster datasets, which were logically organized by topic. If you load the data into ArcMap, it is displayed in the form of a layer. A layer is a configuration file that references data and records information such as how the data is displayed. Several layers can be organized into a single data frame, and several data frames and map elements together form a map document. The relationships between data, layers, data frames, and map documents are as follows:



The corresponding icons in this section help us to understand the relationship between data, layers, data frames and maps. It is not difficult to find that all the data on the left is a rectangle, and through the rectangle's fill color and pattern, we can determine the data format and geometry type. In the middle, the icons for all layers are yellow diamonds, and we can judge the data and geometry types referenced by that layer through a diamond-shaped hatch pattern. A data frame is a container for organizing and displaying layers, and you can have multiple data frames in a map document. Map elements refer to map titles, legends, scale bars, North arrow, and so on.

From this we can see that in ArcCatalog, the main object of our operation is data, whereas in ArcMap, the main objects we manipulate are layers, data frames, and maps. In this chapter, we'll do the symbolism, query, and labeling, all of which are actions on the layer. The map is formatted by manipulating the data frame and the map elements. In ArcMap, most of the operations are for the layer, without affecting the data, and only when editing is enabled to manipulate the data through layers (such as adding, deleting features, editing feature attribute tables, modifying feature space locations, and so on).

1.2 ArcMap interface with data addition
First look at the ArcMap interface, as shown in the main part of the ArcMap interface is the content list on the left (Table of contents), the middle display area, and the Catalog window on the right. The data layer can be managed in the Content list.

Once a vector feature class or a raster of data is loaded into ArcMap, it becomes a layer in the table of contents. A layer is a reference to the data, and the layer records the path where the data is stored and the display characteristics of the data.



To manipulate data in ArcMap (including editing, symbolization, output, and so on), you must first load the data into ArcMap. To add data in ArcMap, you can use the AddData button on the Standard toolbar to add data.

Exercise 1: Open ArcMap, add the feature Class (BUILDING1) created in chapter 4th with the Add Data button, and the raster data (data file name: Xiaoqu), the folder where the data resides ... \data\using_arcmap, Add the following table of contents as shown in.



1.3 Data Editing
Once the data has been added to ArcMap, you are ready to edit it. Click the icon on the Standard toolbar to bring up the editor toolbar.

Edits to the data can be made using the Editor toolbar. To edit the data, you must start an edit session, which opens the editing state, which can be edited only in the editing state. At the time of editing, you should save your edits at any time to avoid losing your edits as a result of computer accidents. When you are finished editing, you can close the edit state.



Spatial data has both spatial geometry information (that is, the shape of the features), and attribute information (about the features of some descriptive information, such as plot number, building name, etc.), so data editing is also divided into spatial data editing and attribute data editing two parts.

Spatial Data Editing

1. Select the layer you want to edit
You can use the Tools on the Editor toolbar to edit spatial data after you turn on edit state. When multiple layers are loaded at the same time, you can edit only one layer at a time, and you can select the target layer to edit in the Create Features window. When you start editing, the image in the left is not selected to edit the target layer's window, and the right image is the window after you select Edit target layer.



Once you have identified the target layer, you can use the Construction tool to edit the feature geometry. Click on the Operation tool, each click the left mouse button, add a sketch of the node, after editing can be done by double-clicking the left mouse button or press F2 to complete the sketch, that is, the completion of a feature geometry editing.

If you are not satisfied with the features you have edited, you can also double-click the feature, change it to sketch state, and modify the sketch by adding, deleting, moving nodes, and so on, in addition to editing tools on the Edit toolbar.



2. Set snapping

When editing a data, if you want to edit adjacent two polygons (with common edges) or two segments (with common points) that are contiguous, there is an issue of how to draw the common edges (points) correctly. In the case of polygons, where the common edges are plotted once for each of the two adjacent polygons, it is important to ensure that the edges of the two draws are strictly coincident. If the public side draw is not exactly coincident, it is possible to cause cracks or overlaps between adjacent two polygons.



To draw a common edge or node correctly, you can use snapping (snapping). Snapping can make the newly added node strictly coincident with the original edge or node.

It is generally two steps to set up a capture before editing the data. One is to set the capture tolerance, and the other is to set the snapping object. The essence of snapping is that when the cursor is less than a certain length from the target being captured, the cursor is automatically coincident with the snapping target. This specifies that the minimum distance between the cursor and the target of the capture is the capture tolerance. When the cursor is closer to the snapping target, the distance between the two is less than the capture tolerance, which automatically causes the cursor to move closer to and coincide with the snapping target.

1) Set the snapping allowance

In the Editor drop-down menu on the Editor toolbar, find the snapping options "snapping" > "Options" and click Options.



In the pop-up dialog box, tolerance sets the snapping tolerance. You can set the pixel (Pixels) size of the snapping tolerance, and you can also set the snapping hint.



2) Set the Snapping object

You can set the snapping object only in an edit session. Click "Snapping" > "Snapping Toolbar" on the Editor toolbar, and the snapping window will pop up, and the use snapping is checked by default, indicating that snapping can be used. If you want to disable snapping, click Use snapping to disable snapping.


Once you've set the snapping tolerance and snapping objects, you're ready to start editing the data.

3. About the classic capture environment

Editing the classic snapping environment is the snapping feature that is available when you use the Capture Environment window during an edit session in ArcGIS 9 and earlier.

Classic snapping is turned off by default and replaced with the Capture toolbar, which provides a flexible and easy-to-use snapping environment that includes more snap types, more options, and better feedback than classic snaps. Because you may need access to the classic snapping environment in some cases, you can choose to switch to classic snapping. Here's how it works:

1) In the Editor drop-down menu on the Editor toolbar, click Options, and under the General tab, tick "use classic snapping";



2) In the Editor drop-down menu on the Editor toolbar, locate the capture option "snapping" and click snapping window.



3) Click the vertices, edges, and end boxes in the layer you want to snap to. You can close the window when you perform the action, or leave it open. The snapping settings you have changed take effect immediately.



4. Other editing techniques

When editing geometry, you can also edit it using the Editor toolbar and the tools in the drop-down menu. such as clipping polygons, editing nodes and so on. Here are some editing tips for drawing.

1) draw a graphic with a common edge

It is important to note that individual buildings are made up of two adjoining buildings, as shown in. To draw such a building, be careful to draw the public side, to ensure that the public side is fully coincident, can not be two of polygons have cracks or mutual coverage of the situation.



Method One: Draw individually

(1) First draw the outline of the first building. if (for simplification, only approximate boundaries are drawn);



(2) In the feature construction tool that creates the feature window, select the Auto-complete polygon tool;



(3) Turn on the capture, draw from the inside of the polygon, snap to the polygon node, draw the polygon, double click the left mouse button to complete the drawing.



Method Two: First draw a large polygon, then split

(1) Draw a large polygon first;



(2) Then cut the rectangle into two along the common side. Use the Crop Polygon tool on the editor toolbar to cut a polygon into two parts along a common edge and draw a clipping line if you do not want to use snapping, you can draw a line out of the polygon to ensure that it crosses the polygon. Note that the cropped shape must be selected;



2) keyboard shortcut settings

ArcMap comes with some keyboard shortcuts that you can use when editing, such as undo with "Ctrl + Z", for details, see the keyboard shortcut content that you can use when editing in Help.

We can also set our own keyboard shortcuts to set save edits as an example, set the method as follows:

(1) Click "Customize" > "Customize Mode" on the menu bar to pop up the Customize dialog box;



(2) Click Keyboard, pop Up customize Keyboard dialog box. Select "Editor" in categories, select "Save edits" in commands, enter the shortcut key to be set in press new shortcut key, click Assign OK, the shortcut key is set up.



(3) In the Editor toolbar drop-down menu, you can see that the save edits behind the ctrl+f shortcut keys, when saving the edits, the direct use of shortcut keys.



Exercise 2: Turn on editing, create features with construction tools along the outer contours of each building, and each polygon feature represents a building.

attribute Data Editing
Editing of property data can be done through the Properties window or the property sheet.
The Properties window can edit the attribute data of the selected feature. Select the features you want to edit, and then click the Properties Window button on the Editor toolbar to bring up the Properties dialog box. Enter the value for each field in the lower area of the Properties window.



Property information can also be edited in the property sheet. Right-click the layer you want to edit, select Open Attribute table in the popup context menu, and enter the property values directly in the property sheet.
Whether you edit geometry or attribute data, you should save it at any time and end the edit session with stop editing after editing is complete. Once the geometry and attributes of the data have been edited, the work on data editing is complete.

Exercise 3: Enter attribute values for the features created in Exercise 2. There are two fields to enter: Bld_name and Bld_value. Bld_name is the name of the building, Bld_value is the price of the building. You can use the Properties dialog box or the property sheet to edit it, and note that you need to be in the editing state at this point.

1.4 Layer Symbolization
The data added to ArcMap is presented as a layer, with a single style and random color, often unable to meet the requirements of the actual work of the plot. Therefore, we usually need to set the display style of the layer, including color, linetype, and so on, which is called Layer symbolization.
The layer symbolization setting is the property of the layer, so it is set in the Layer's Properties dialog box. Right-click the layer and select properties from the pop-up menu to open the Layer's Properties dialog box. Then select the Symbology tab.



Layer symbolization can be symbolized using a field of a layer, which determines the symbol style based on the value of the specified field. For example, each area can be expressed in different colors depending on how much the population is, or each field is represented in different colors depending on the type of crop planted.
The content represented by the attribute fields used for symbolization can be categorized into categorical or quantitative types. Category is classified data, the content of the field is the category of data, name, etc., the quantitative field is quantified data, which is generally used to describe the quantity of data with quantitative values, such as population, yield, rainfall and so on.
Depending on the content of the symbolized field, the symbolic method is divided into two main categories: the symbolic and quantitative symbolization of the category. The use of these two types of methods is described in the following 2 most commonly used symbolic methods.

· Category Symbolization
Under the Symbology tab, there are several types of symbolic methods on the left. The commonly used method for representing categorical data is categories under the unique value (unique) method. This method is represented by a color for each unique value of the specified field. Use the Value field, which is used to symbolize the field, and then add all values to the value of all added in, OK.



· Quantity symbolization
Under the Symbology tab, select the graduated colors method under quantities.
This method divides the range of values for the specified field into several levels, with each level represented by a color. When using the Select method, make a symbolic field and select the number of ratings to determine completion.



These two methods described above are only two of the most commonly used symbolic methods, ArcGIS also provides many other symbolic methods, these methods are in the Layer Properties dialog box under the Symbology tab, interested in can do further research.

Exercise 4: Symbolize the edited data layer to indicate the price of the building in shades of color. The quantitative notation method used to describe the symbolic field is bld_value.
1.5 Queries
The query is the data selection, and the features that meet the criteria are selected throughout the feature class. There are 4 ways to make feature selection in ArcMap: Interactive, based on attribute selection, based on location selection, and based on graphic selection.
1. Interactive selection, that is, the feature selection tool on the Tools toolbar selects features in the display area on the right, and the selected features appear as highlighted colors.
2. Based on the attribute selection, write an SQL statement that selects the attribute value symbol for the feature of the query statement.
3. According to the location selection, according to the spatial relationship between the elements to select elements, such as the selection of a highway across the province.
4. Depending on the graphic selection, the drawing is drawn using the drawing tools on the Drawing toolbar, unlike the features. Depending on the graph selection, the relationship between the feature and the graphic is selected.

The actions that are selected based on the attributes and selected by location are performed under the selection menu. In addition to determining the selection method (that is, the tool used), select the time to determine the choice of methods. There are 4 ways to choose: Create a new selection set, add to the current selection set, remove from the current selection set, and select from the current selection set.


Exercise 5: In the practice of editing the data above, select a building with a price greater than 10000, which is an attribute-based selection, as shown in. First, in the Layer drop-down box, determine the target layer you want to select, that is, the layers you want to select, which is building1 in this exercise. Then determine the selection method, write query statement.


1.6 Labeling
The data is symbolized, and the appropriate colors and symbols have been set, but in the map it is often necessary to indicate something in a literal way, which requires annotations.
A callout is a literal way of identifying the contents of a (or several) field on the data. Annotations are set in the Labels tab of the Layer Properties dialog box.
The first line of this dialog box first sets whether to display the labels for this layer. Labels are properties of a layer, and each layer can have labels. Then set the field as the label content. In general, use the content that you want to label as an attribute field for that feature class, and then specify the field when you label it. After the callout content is determined, set the font for the label, including size, color, and so on.



These are the three steps to the most basic setup for labeling. If you have a higher requirement for labeling, you can also make additional settings. For example, you can divide features into categories based on the values of a field, set labels for each class, and set the visible scale range for the labels.

Exercise 6: Mark the name of each building on the map. For well-edited and symbolized layers, set the callout, the callout content is the Bld_name field, and the color is set to red.

1.7 Map Layout Decoration
After the above practice, we have a design of the color and labeling of the plot plot, the next step is to map this picture through the layout of the decoration, to make a real map.
Before you make a map layout, set the plot size, which is the final graph page size, and bring up the Page Setup dialog box through page and Print Setup under the File menu.



The Page and Printer Settings dialog box, as shown above, to use a printer print map, select the printer and paper size that you use, and then set the page. If the page size uses the printer page settings, select Use Printer Paper Settings. If it is not used, it is not selected. Then set the page size, if the page size definition is a standard paper size (such as A4, B5, etc.), select it in the Standards drop-down list. If you need to customize the page size, select Custom in the drop-down list, then width and height to define the page size. After the page size is fixed, you also need to set the placement direction of the page. Portrait is longitudinal and landscape is horizontal.

Once the page is set up, the map design is started. To format the map, switch to Layout view. Toggles the button in the lower-left corner of the display area. The first button switches to Data View, and the second button switches to Layout view.


After you switch to Layout view, you can add map elements such as headings, North Arrow, and so on. Add a title, legend, North Arrow, and scale bar from the Insert menu. Once these necessary map elements have been added, a map has been created.


Exercise 7: Design and compose plot plots. Add a title, legend, North Arrow, and scale bar.

1.8 Map Save and output
Once the map has been created, if you want to save the map, click Save on the File menu for the Mxd map document. Maps can be printed directly from the printer, or exported to a generic image file via the export map on the File menu, which can be used in other documents as well.

Exercise 8:Export a well-designed map to a JPG-formatted image file.

Practice Data Download: Link: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1i4FuY9n Password: sk6y


Each chapter of this introductory tutorial connects:
Getting Started with ArcGIS for desktop tutorial-Chapter I-Introduction: http://zhihu.esrichina.com.cn/?/article/524
Getting Started with ArcGIS for desktop tutorial-chapter II _desktop Introduction: http://zhihu.esrichina.com.cn/?/article/525
Getting Started with ArcGIS for desktop tutorials-Chapter III _desktop Software Installation: http://zhihu.esrichina.com.cn/?/article/526
Getting Started with ArcGIS for Desktop Tutorial _ Chapter Fourth _ Getting Started case study: http://zhihu.esrichina.com.cn/?/article/527
Getting Started with ArcGIS for Desktop Tutorial _ Chapter fifth _arccatalog using: http://zhihu.esrichina.com.cn/?/article/528
Getting Started with ArcGIS for Desktop Tutorial _ Chapter Sixth _ making a map with ArcMap: http://zhihu.esrichina.com.cn/?/article/529
ArcGIS for desktop Getting Started Tutorial _ Chapter Seventh _ Using ArcGIS for spatial analysis: http://zhihu.esrichina.com.cn/?/article/530
ArcGIS for desktop Getting Started Tutorial _ Chapter Eighth _desktop Learning resources: http://zhihu.esrichina.com.cn/?/article/531

ArcGIS for desktop Getting Started Tutorial _ sixth _ making a map with ArcMap-ArcGIS know-Next generation ArcGIS Quiz community