Bank Accounting 1

Bank accounting Overview

Chapter 1 Introduction

Objective: To learn more about this chapterConcepts, objects, characteristics and responsibilities of bank accounting

Tasks and rolesTo understand the working organization of bank accounting.

 

I. Definition of commercial bank accounting

Commercial bank accounting,YesValidation, metering, recording and reporting are used in monetary units

And other specialized accounting basic principles and methodsBusiness and financial activities of Commercial BanksComprehensive,

Continuous, SystemAccounting, screening, and controlAndImportant information systems monitoredAnd manage activities.

 

Key points: 1. Six accounting elements (such as assets, liabilities, etc ......)

2. lending relationships

 

Key Points of commercial banks' accounting concepts:

Essence: management information system.

Functions: Reflection, supervision, prediction, and participation in decision-making

Circulation: confirmation, measurement, recording, and report

Subject: Commercial Bank

Content (object): business activities of Commercial Banks

Means: currency Measurement

Business features: comprehensive, continuous, and systematic

Method: specialized accounting methods.

 

Ii. Objectives of commercial bank accounting

* Accounting objective-that isProvide users of accounting information with information that reflects their financial status and business operations

Results and cash flow accounting information.

 

* User of Accounting Information

-- User (investor)

-- Business manager

-- Creditors

-- Macro-control department

 

* Accounting Information Content

 

Iii. Objects and characteristics of bank accounting

(1) bank accounting objects

Accounting objects refer to the content of Accounting response and control, while Bank accounting objects refer

The bank's business activities are essentially the capital movement behind the bank's business activities. Details

Accounting elements include:Assets, liabilities, owner equity, income,Cost and cost,

Six Accounting Factors of profit.

 

An accounting factor is the most basic classification of the specific content of an accounting object. It is scientific

Summarizes the basic content of Accounting objects.

The accounting elements of commercial banks include assets, liabilities, owner equity, income, fees,

Six items of profit.

 

(1) Assets

Definition: past transactions and events are formed andResources owned or controlled by an enterprise,

Resource expectationYesEnterpriseBring economic benefits. (Resources and benefits)

 

Features:

1. The real assets formed by transactions or events, rather than the expected assets, are past

Results of transactions or events;

2. assets are owned or controlled by the enterprise;

3. Assets are expected to bring economic benefits to enterprises. If they are not expected to bring economic benefits, they cannot.

Confirm your assets.

 

Content: assets of commercial banks include: current assets, long-term loans, long-term investment,

Fixed assets, intangible assets, and other assets.

 

1. Current Assets

Current Assets: one that a commercial bank can possess within one year or more.Assets realized or consumed during the business cycle.

 

It includes the following content:

1) cash assets refer to the cash deposited by commercial banks;

2) Short-term loans with a value of less than one year.

3) short-term investment refers to the various types of resources that can be purchased at any time.MonetizationAnd the holding time is not prepared for more than one yearInvestmentSuch as various stocks, funds, and bonds;

4) Receivables and prepayments are various types of creditor's rights arising from the daily operations of commercial banks, including accounts receivable (such as loan interest receivable) and prepayments.

5) inventory refers to various assets that are stored for business operation needs or are easy to use, such as various class library materials and low-value consumable products.

 

2. Medium-and long-term loans

A medium-and long-term loan is issued to the borrower.If the loan term is more than one yearVarious

Various loans.

 

3. Long-term investment

... Prepared for more than one year (excluding one year)Investment of various rights,Cannot be realized or

Bonds, other creditor's rights investments and other long-term investments that are not ready to be realized at any time.

 

4. Fixed assets

 

5. Intangible Assets

Intangible assets refer to the provision of services for survival and operation, leasing to others, or management

Non-monetary long-term assets held for the purpose, without physical forms. Intangible Asset score

Identifiable (patents, trademarks, etc.) and unidentifiable assets (goodwill ).

 

6. Other assets

Other assets of a commercial bank, including long-term deferred charges, debt-paying assets, and frozen assets

And freeze materials and the property involved in litigation.

 

(2) Liabilities

Liability refersTransactions and mattersThe current obligation formed. The performance of this obligation is expectedExport

Economic benefits outflow Enterprises. (Item: various economic activities of accounting subjects related to user Decision-making of accounting information .)

 

Liabilities have the following basic features:

1) liabilities are generated based on past transactions or events;

2) liabilities are the current obligations of the enterprise;

3) the fulfillment of current liabilities is usually related to the abandonment of economic interests of enterprises.

Assets to meet the requirements of the other party.

4) The liabilities will be settled by asset delivery or service submission on a certain date in the future;

 

Liability classification: Long-term liabilities and current liabilities are classified based on their liquidity.

1. Current liabilities: the liabilities payable within one year or more of the business cycle.

2. Long-term liabilities: the liabilities of the service period of more than one year.

 

(3) owner equity

Concept:Economic benefits enjoyed by the owner in the Enterprise, The amount isAssets minus liabilities

Remaining balance. Including real-income capital, capital accumulation, surplus accumulation, and unallocated profit.

 

Note:

1. Capital

For business activities, banks have actual capital investment from investors.

2. Capital Accumulation

Capital Accumulation Fund is the form of capital preparation,

3. Surplus Public Product

The Provident Fund and public welfare fund obtained by the State from the after-tax profits.

4. unallocated profits

 

Iv. Income

The income of commercial banks and the total inflow of various economic benefits in the business.

 

V. Cost

The outflow of various economic benefits formed in business operations.

 

Vi. Profit

The business result of a bank during a certain accounting period.

 

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Bank Accounting 1