"Inventory" refers to various materials stored for the purpose of supporting production, maintenance, operation and customer service, "inventory management" is "all businesses related to stock material planning and control ". Inventory management should not only ensure the accuracy of information, but also meet the needs of customers and the market. Another important task is
Control Inventory, accelerate inventory turnover, reduce inventory capital usage, and reduce inventory costs.
In inventory management, basic data settings are particularly important. Comprehensive and accurate basic data is the guarantee that the system can run well and the prerequisite for giving full play to the functions of the ERP system, such as running the MRP plan and performing the prediction operation.
I. Material Data 1. Material definition and code
According to the general definition of the ERP system, "Materials" are collectively referred to as all the indispensable things that need to be included in the plan for the purpose of product delivery, not just raw materials or parts, it also includes rough, In-process, semi-finished products, finished products, purchased parts, packaging materials, product manuals, and even all materials including tooling, labor protection products, energy, etc.
ERP systems must utilize the processing speed and capacity of computers to process large-scale data. Therefore, data must be encoded in a standardized manner to facilitate computer identification and retrieval. Standardized material coding aims to efficiently and orderly manage materials. At the same time, standardized material coding also facilitates material classification, retrieval and statistics in the system, and material information exchange and sharing. 2. Material Data settings
In the ERP system, the most important data of materials is stored in the main material file, which reflects the various parameters, attributes and related information of materials, for example, material encoding, name, classification, measurement unit, and billing method. Therefore, the main material file must be set first. All materials to be used in the system must be recorded in the material master file so that they can be found after entering the file.
In a general ERP system, each item of material data provides many descriptive parameters for this item. users do not have to set each parameter, you only need to set parameters that are required during system operation and are useful when you manage your own materials. When setting material data, you must define the content of some fields before selecting them. The content of other fields can be selected from the options provided by the system. For fields without optional values, you can enter the actual values when creating a material record.
Before the system runs normally, in addition to the main material documents, there are also some relevant material data files to be set up, such as material-Warehouse files, materials-supplier files, etc. Because inventory management operations occur in the warehouse, before performing relevant operations on the materials, you must create records of the materials in the warehouse, you need to create material data in the material-warehouse file. Material-the supplier document is to associate a certain material with its supplier.
Only after the records of the main material file are created can the corresponding material data be created in other data files. Ii. Warehouse data 1. repository settings
The material operations frequently used in inventory management are based on warehouses and locations. All the warehouses involved in inventory affairs of the enterprise, including the warehouses inside and outside the factory, rented and sold outlets, should be included in the system, clearly defined. Defining warehouses and locations is an important part of enterprise fixed management.
When setting a repository, you must first define the repository type. In manufacturing enterprises, the following types of warehouses can be set: Material Stock, master production database, semi-finished product database, finished product database, sub-product database, waste product database, and accessory database. You can set repository data based on different types of warehouses. You can set multiple repositories based on different requirements for the same type. 2. database location settings
Before setting the location, you can partition the entire warehouse, that is, set the location. In the ERP system, the reservoir area is mainly configured in physical locations, such as east, west, south, and north. Or, the area is partitioned in order according to the field.
The storage space refers to the shelf for storing materials in the warehouse. The storage space is divided by location and function to store materials of different categories or in different States. If materials should be stored separately before and after quality control, two warehouse locations should be set to distinguish them. You can set the warehouse location to facilitate the organization of materials in the warehouse and the management of materials in and out of the warehouse.
Each Warehouse can be configured with its own warehouse and location. When setting the location, there is a problem between the actual location and the logical location. The actual storage space refers to the actual storage space in the factory warehouse. For example, each shelf can be used as a storage space. Logical location is the virtual location in the system. It does not necessarily exist in the warehouse, or its encoding does not match the actual situation one by one. It only takes into account the convenience of receiving and shipping during inventory management, and the rationality of sales distribution. Of course, when implementing ERP, it is better to set the inventory location to be reasonable in line with the actual situation, because this makes inventory management more realistic, otherwise, the inventory location is a "black box" operation method for inventory management.
Iii. Inventory transaction type The main content of inventory management is to manage the materials in the warehouse. In inventory management, each stock transaction generates a transaction order number for easy query and statistics. The inventory transaction type parameter is set to control the order serial numbers generated by various inventory transactions in order to make the order serial numbers generated in different ways of warehouse receiving and receiving, the inventory transaction order can be processed according to different settings. More importantly, the accounting entries associated with different inventory transaction types are different. Therefore, the system should set corresponding accounting events for different transaction types, in this way, the financial relationship arising during inventory transactions will be clearly and automatically reflected to the financial module for corresponding settlement, ensuring the consistency of the real and financial resources in the warehouse, synchronization of logistics and capital flow.
In the same system environment, if multiple settlement entities exist and different units use the same inventory transaction order type, you can also control the serial number parameter used by them, make it generate different order serial numbers, so that you can clearly understand the orders generated by different units using the same inventory transaction type. |
