Basic Computer knowledge

Basic knowledge

1, the composition of the computer system as shown:

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2.5 basic components of modern computers:

Arithmetic, controller, memory, input device, output device

Now we collectively refer to the processor and controller as CPU (central processing unit)

3, some commonly used special nouns:

The clock frequency of the CPU is the abbreviation of the frequency of the operation of the CPU. Unit is Hz

FSB: Operating frequency of the system bus, CPU and external (motherboard chipset) interaction data, instruction clock frequency

Octave: The multiplier is the difference between CPU FSB and main frequency.

The three relations are: the main frequency = FSB x octave.

Cache: High-speed switching of memory. Class One, level two, Level three (L1,L2,L3)

Memory bus speed: typically equivalent to CPU FSB, which refers to the speed of communication between the CPU and level two (L2) cache and memory

Address bus width: Determines the physical address space that the CPU can access 4g=2^32bit

4, the server according to the CPU architecture classification

1. Non-X86 server: Using RISC (simplified instruction set)

2. X86 Server: Complex instruction set, commonly referred to as PC server

5, the server hardware generally includes: CPU, motherboard, memory, hard disk (main interface for SATA and SAS), array card, power, video card, network card

Hot-swap technology, cabinet

6, Storage basic knowledge: storage network, for storing data information equipment and media, is the external storage of computer system, the data can be stored safely, long-term resident.

Storage network:

• DAS----directly connected storage (direct attached Storage

• NAS-----Network-attached storage (attached Storage)

• SAN-----Storage Area Network (Storage zone Networks)

7, OS is the operating system: the operating system is the main 6 major functions:

Hardware drivers, process management, memory management, network management, security management, file management

8, the classification of the operating system:

Server Os:rhel,centos,windows Server,aix

Desktop Os:windows 10,windows 7,fedora

Mobile device Os:android,ios,yunos

9, Development interface standard concept:

Abi:application Binary Interface

The ABI describes the underlying interface between the application and the OS, allowing the compiled target code to be used in a compatible ABI system

You can run without changes.

Api:application Programming Interface

The API defines the interface between the source code and the library, so the same source codes can be compiled in any system that supports this API.

Posix:portable Operating System Interface

A series of API standards defined by the IEEE on the operating system

POSIX-compatible programs can be compiled and executed on other POSIX operating systems

10, run the program format:

Windows:exe,dll (dynamic link library), Lib

Linux:elf,so (Shared Object),. A

11, programming language classification:

Low-level language:

Machine language: 0 and 1

Assembly language: and Machine languages-correspondence, unique hardware-related code, driver development

Intermediate Language: C

System-level applications, drivers

Advanced languages: Java, Object-c, Python, PHP

Application-level program development

12, the server three major operating systems

Windows:

Linux:gun/linux

Unix:

System: (Bell Lab)

AIX (IBM)

Solaris (SUN)

HP-UX (Hewlett-Packard)

BSD: (BSRG) Berkeley system distribution

NetBSD

Openbsd

Freebsd

13, the full sense of Linux called: Linux kernel +gun Tools

14. Linux distribution version

Slackware:opensuse, SUSE

Redhat:redhat Enterprise Linux, CentOS, Fedora

Debian:ubuntu, Mint

ArchLinux

Gentoo

Lfs

Android

15. Linux Philosophy thought :

1. small, single-use program

2. link programs to accomplish complex tasks

3. Span style= "font-family: ' italics ', ' italics _gb2312 ', Simkai;" > Avoid confusing user interface

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Basic Computer knowledge