Overview
The central task of general ledger accounting is to provide a comprehensive picture of external accounting and the subjects involved. All business transactions (basic accounting and internal accounting) are recorded in a software system highly integrated with all other business units of the company ), this ensures that the accounting data is always complete and accurate.
Features
- Free choice of level: group companies or companies
- All ledger items are automatically and synchronously recorded in appropriate general ledger accounts.
- Real-time update of general ledgers and cost accounting
- Real-time evaluation and report of current accounting data in the form of account display, accounting reports, different balance sheet schemes and additional analysis.
Detailed ledger/general ledger
When you keep an account on a supplier or customer account, the system automatically generates an appropriate unified account in the general ledger. This means that you do not have to transfer the number from the detailed ledger to the general ledger before creating the balance sheet.
After a detailed ledger has been recorded, how does the system automatically count the corresponding entries to the general ledger.
The standard subject is:
- Domestic payable and receivables
- Consolidated Company payable and receivables
- Overseas payable and receivables
Credential type
- Customer invoice
- Customer receipts and payments
- Customer loan voucher
- Supplier Certificate
- Supplier credit coupon
- General credential
- General Ledger creden
- Cash vouchers
Accounting credential
If the loan is equal, you can have the system accounting credential. When you keep your accounting creden。, the system saves and updates the total ledger balance. After you select "accounting", the system checks:
- Whether the loan is equal. If the loan is not balanced, the system will block you from billing.
- Whether the amount you charge is less than or equal to the limit allowed according to the allowance defined by your system administrator
Offset credential
If you enter an incorrect credential, it is possible to offset the credential and settle the outstanding items.
In the following cases, only one credential can be written off:
- No paid items for the credential
- Creden only include customers, suppliers, or general ledger line items
- Accounting by the financial accounting module
- Creden only have valid values (such as business scope, cost center, and tax code ).
Generally, you can write off the original credential while accounting. The original credential must be open during the period so that it can be recorded as a reversal credential. If the period is closed, in any case, you must use a date in the Period of opening (such as the current period) to write the accounting date field.
Use credit vouchers to offset creden。 from sales and distribution (SD. To offset creden from the material management application, you must use the features provided by the application, because the creden function in financial accounting does not offset all required values.
If any row item in the original credential has been settled, you can cancel the credential only when the settlement has been canceled.
Vocabulary
- Subject maintenance: settlement of outstanding items in a certain section.
- Subject Management: A description of how the general ledger is managed, including unsettled item management and line project display.
- Subject type: code that specifies the accounting scope of a subject. Assets, customers, suppliers, and general ledgers are examples of the Subject type. Because an account can be used for each subject type, in order to determine a subject, the Account type is also required.
- Accounting creden: The accounting creden always contain one creden header and at least two creden line items. The Credential balance must be zero. The transaction amount of the accounting subject is updated when you keep the accounting credential. The accounting credential represents the original credential in the system.
- To be shared and preference: Distribution of the organization's income and expenditure period, with the aim of calculating the profit during the period. The prepayment deferred income is differentiated. Prepayment is any expenditure before the settlement date, which indicates the expenditure for a specific period after that date. Deferred income is the income generated before the settlement date, which indicates the income of a specific period after the date.
- Balance: The amount of difference between the debit and the credit of a subject or credential. If the credit value is large, the credit item balance is called. If the credit value is large, the debit item balance is called ".
- Balance Check: the procedure used to check whether an accounting credential is correctly entered. To meet this requirement, the loan amount in the credential must be equal to the loan amount.
- Balance sheet: The company settlement balance at a certain time point (the balance sheet settlement day ). This credential is constructed based on accounting principles in the form of asset (assets-credit of the balance sheet) and capital (Liabilities-debit of the balance sheet) comparisons. Balance: profit and loss in a period.
- Budget Balance Sheet: the balance sheet of a settlement date from all parts of the Plan (sales plan), the main production plan, investment plan, human resources plan, and cash flow statement.
- Accounting subject: a systematic sorting list of the master records and cost elements of all general ledgers defined in accordance with accounting principles. The accounting subject includes the account number, account name, and control information for each master record of the general ledger. Each customer can create several accounting subjects. Each company code must be assigned to an accounting subject.
- Check/draft: the accounting procedure used to help the buyer borrow money. The buyer pays the check and asks the seller to open a draft for him at the same time. He accepts the draft and submits it to the bank for discount.
- Checkout: prepare and execute all the processes required for the following checkout: Day-end checkout, month-end checkout, and year-end checkout
- Company Code: an independent accounting unit within the customer's scope. The balance sheet and income statement that meet the legal requirements + are created on the company code level. Each customer can create several company codes to manage accounts of independent organizations at the same time.
- Cost: the value of tangible and intangible economic goods used for the production and sale of goods and services, as well as the purchase and maintenance of factories and machines.
- Credit credential: account that deducts receivables or payables.
- Credential accounting: manually or automatically record creden。 to the SAP system. Manual recording is achieved through a screen specially designed for business exchange input; automatic recording is completed by the online interface.
- Credential principle: Based on this principle, accounting is always saved in the form of creden。 (no creden ). The creden are retained as full units and can be displayed at any time until they are archived.
- Fees: The company's expenses for a certain period of time include the items used, external services, and financial charges, which are offset in the income statement.
- Budget: consider the results and/or requirements of the sales plan, main production plan, procurement plan, investment plan and human resources plan, rules for medium-and long-term applications of available financial resources.
- Accounting Year: Generally, 12 months is a period during which the company regularly creates inventory and balance sheets. The fiscal year corresponds to the calendar year, but this is not required. In some cases, a fiscal year less than 12 months is also allowed (short fiscal year ).
- General Ledger: The Ledger used to create a legal settlement report (balance sheet and income statement ). The general ledger is a record of the transaction amount from the general ledger account. The total charge is based on the appropriate currency.
- Company account: the account used to indicate the relationship between the company and its subsidiaries. This relationship exists for a customer and supplier in the SAP system. Receipts and payments are executed from the company account, and procurement orders, product delivery or invoices are recorded in the branch account.
- Input tax: the tax collected by the supplier. The deductible portion of the input tax can be requested by the Authority's tax authority.
- Journal: a list of all billing items that can be created at any point in time.
- Ledger: displays the special structure of the transaction amount to some extent. It is associated with a certain accounting scope and a certain report or evaluation purpose. For example, a general ledger is always managed in the accounting system.
- Liabilities: debt, items to be shared and predicate, and total company equity. It is displayed on the right of the balance sheet (such as capital, surplus reserve, reserve, supplier liabilities ).
- End-of-month settlement: All work is performed at the end of the accounting period.
- One-time account: records the transaction amount from the customer/Supplier Group that you have performed only one business or occasionally had business dealings. A special primary record is required for all one-time accounts. The specified customer/supplier data, such as address and bank data, is not input to the master record, but to its own creden.
- Unsettled item management: provisions on settlement of items in a subject that must be settled by other items in the subject. The total amount of projects involving settlement procedures must be zero. Therefore, the account balance is always equal to the total amount of outstanding items.
- Original credential: indicates that the accounting has been completed correctly.
- Export Tax: the tax levied on the customer at all levels of production and trade. It represents the tax liability of the tax bureau.
- Freeze accounting: the identity of the frozen accounting account. One account can be centrally frozen for all company codes or partially frozen for one company code.
- Billing, automatic: Accounting automatically created by a specific program. For example, it includes: sales tax and input tax accounting, exchange rate difference accounting, discount expenditure and income accounting. Each automatic accounting item is displayed as a separate credential line item.
- Income Statement: The Comparison of income and expenditure in a specific period, with the aim of establishing the profit and source of the Organization. The income statement is an essential part of the end-of-year settlement.
- Profit segment adjustment: debit for profit segments (business departments, profit centers, cost centers, etc.) with expenditures and income. These expenses and income are generated when the customer or supplier invoice is paid. The two main forms of income/expenditure are the discount amount and the exchange rate difference. The profit segment adjustment is performed as part of the settlement operation for a given settlement day.
- Accounts receivable: The right to accept and pay when receiving the goods or services provided. Receivables are displayed in the balance sheet under "Current Assets" with further details, such as receivables from goods and services and receivables from merged companies.
- Remaining items: items that indicate any difference arising from settlement of outstanding items. The remaining items are transferred to the account with the original outstanding items.
- Business Income subject: the subject that records normal business income.
- Offset: a charge is cleared by accounting for the equivalent amount to the other account.
- Offset credential: the token generated when a charge is reversed.
- Adjusted Tax: The accounting tax in some countries except the export tax. It is calculated by the supplier and levied on customers exempt from the sales/purchase tax. The supplier pays the adjusted tax to the tax bureau.
- Sample account: special master record. It allows you to enter predefined values for company code-specific data in a general ledger record. You must also define data transfer rules to determine how these values are transferred from the sample account.
- Sample creden: refer to the special types of creden. Its data can be defaulted on the accounting credential input screen. Unlike the accounting credential, the sample credential does not update the transaction amount. It is used only as the data source of Accounting creden.
- Sample master record: serves as the master record sample to assist in setting input of other master records.
- Detail ledger: a ledger that represents business dealings with customers or suppliers. A detailed ledger in asset accounting is a ledger that represents a change in the asset value.
- Detailed ledger accounting: the accounting of the detailed ledger level. This ledger contains accounts of customers, suppliers, or assets. In the general ledger, the detailed ledger provides all details about accounting to the general ledger.
- Sales/purchase tax: general terms of input tax and export tax.
- Withholding Income Tax: the invoice amount in the supplier invoice. In some countries, some suppliers must hold part of the invoiced amount and pay or report to the tax authority, and do not provide withholding income tax relief for these suppliers.
