Block chain infrastructure Model

first, simple 3-tier architecture

Ref:http://www.8btc.com/ebook-blockchain
Second, 6-tier architecture

REF:
(1) http://blog.csdn.net/qq_35624642/article/details/78138077
(2) http://blog.csdn.net/csolo/article/details/52858236

The model of block chain is composed of the bottom-up data layer, the network layer, the consensus layer, the excitation layer, the contract layer and the application layer.

The first is the "Data layer", which encapsulates the chain structure of the underlying data block, and the related asymmetric public key data encryption technology and time stamp technology, which is the lowest data structure in the whole block chain technology. These technologies are the basis for building the global financial system, and decades of use have proven its safety and reliability. and the block chain, formally skillfully combine these technologies together.

Next is "network layer", including Peer-to-peer networking mechanism, data dissemination mechanism and data validation mechanism. Peer-to-peer networking technology in the early application of BT such peer-to-peer download software, which means that the block chain has automatic networking function.

The third layer, "consensus layer", encapsulates all kinds of consensus mechanism algorithms for network nodes. Consensus mechanism algorithm is the core technology of block chain, because it determines who is to carry out bookkeeping, and the way of accounting decision will affect the security and reliability of the whole system. At present, there are more than 10 consensus mechanism algorithms, among which the most well-known is the work-proof mechanism (pow,proof of Work), the equity certification mechanism (Pos,proof Ofstake), the share authorization mechanism (dpos,delegated Proofofstake) and so on. Data layer, network layer, consensus layer is the essential element of building block chain technology, and the lack of any one layer will not be called the real block chain technology.

The fourth layer of "incentive layer" integrates the economic factors into the block chain technology system, including the distribution mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentive, which mainly appears in the public chain. In the public chain, we must motivate and obey the rules to participate in the accounting nodes, and punish the nodes that do not obey the rules, so that the whole system can develop in the direction of benign cycle. In the private chain, it does not necessarily need to be motivated, because the participating nodes are often completed in the chain outside the game, through the force or voluntary to require participation in accounting.

The fifth layer of "contract layer", which encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and intelligent contracts, is the basis of the programmable characteristics of the block chain. Bitcoin itself has the ability to write simple scripts, while the etheric square greatly strengthens the programming language protocol and can theoretically write applications that implement any functionality. If you think of bitcoin as a global ledger, the ether can be viewed as a "global computer" where anyone can upload and execute arbitrary applications, and the effective execution of the program is guaranteed.

The sixth layer, "Application layer", encapsulates a variety of application scenarios and cases in the block chain, such as the use of various block chains in the Etheric Square, which is deployed in the application layer, and the future programmable finance and programmable society will also be built on the application layer.

The incentive layer, the contract layer and the application layer are not the necessary factors for each block chain application, and some block chain applications are incomplete including the latter three layers.