Build a full-featured Chinese desktop environment with FC3

I read many people's posts and Google many keywords to finally build the FC3 desktop application environment. It cannot be regarded as original. Let's share it with you. FC3 silly Chinese desktop environment I. Installation of FC3: I. Full disc installation. The ISO images of the downloaded four installation disks are all carved into disks. Second, hard disk installation. First, set the boot under the images directory in the first installation disk image file. ISO extracted, carved into a disk-this disk can be started by itself, use this disk to start the computer, enter the installation interface, there is an option to install the system from the hard disk, select hard disk installation. In this way, the four ISO files must be placed in one directory, and it is best not to directly put them in the root directory, otherwise it is prone to errors. There are several other methods such as GRUB boot mode and DOS Boot Mode for hard disk installation. You can search for related instructions online. It is assumed that the installation process is correct and the sound card, video card, and Nic can be correctly identified. Several Notes: -- select Simplified Chinese as the language. -- Select "Custom" for the installation type ". ── Hard disk Division (contestant Division ). Here, 40 Gb hard disk space is provided for Linux. There are four partitions: one is the root system partition, in the format of ext3, mount point/, 10 Gb, installing system files and application software; the other is the user directory partition, in the format of ext3, mount point/home, 14 GB. The common user directory is in this partition, used to store user data and software installation packages. Third, the self-installed application partition, in the format of ext3, mount point/usr/local, 14 GB. Generally, the self-compiled and installed software is stored here. The fourth is the swap partition, which is m-you must have this partition, even if there is a lot of memory. -- When selecting and installing software for customization: 1. install the software by default. 2. For the convenience of installing some source code programs in the future, install all the unselected development tools as much as possible. 3. management tools and System Tools for system items are also installed. Ii. basic configuration 1. FC3 is started on the GNOME Desktop by default. Change it to the command line and use the startx command on the desktop to facilitate system maintenance and shell learning. Modify the startup configuration file/etc/inittab and change ID: 5: initdefault: to ID: 3: initdefault :. It takes effect after the system is restarted. 2. Modify the yum configuration file/etc/yum. conf, set the yum download directory (/var/Cache/Yum by default) and log directory (/var/log by default) to the directory that you think is appropriate, for example, create a subdirectory under another partition/home. After all, the FC3 trial may be installed multiple times and put in another partition to ensure that nothing downloaded during system reinstallation will not be lost. For more information about yum, you can search for Yum on the Internet. 3. Use Yum to update the software package (Package) installed in the system to the latest version. Of course, this can also be done with the system's up2date, but with Yum, you can control the update process more autonomously. -- This is a long process and can be completed after the system configuration is complete. 4. If the video card is NVIDIA, you 'd better download the official for Linux driver and reinstall it after the system is installed.: Http://www.nvidia.com /. The latest version is 6629. Note that you cannot install it in the terminal window on the desktop, but in command line-only: Sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86-1.0-6629-pkg1.run or./NVIDIA-Linux-x86-1.0-6629-pkg1.run. After the driver is installed, modify the file/etc/X11/Xorg. driver "NV" in section "device" in conf is driver "NVIDIA "; comment out load "dri" and load "glcore" in the section "module" (if any) and add load "Glx" (if not ). Due to a bug in FC3, XWindow cannot be started normally after the driver is installed. There are several methods to correct this bug (the principles of these methods are the same). Here we will introduce one: Modify/etc/rc. d/RC. add the command to the sysinit file to create the NVIDIA graphics card device file, that is, in RC. add mknod/dev/nvidia0 C 133 0 mknod/dev/nvidiactl C 195 195 to the end of Row 3 of the sysinit file and then restart the system. (Note: according to the above method, my NVIDIA driver still does not work. When the NVIDIA logo appears on startx, the system stops and GNOME Desktop crashes. However, you can use CTL + ALT + backspace to return to the command line. I had to change it back and still use the NVIDIA driver that comes with FC3 .) 5. About FAT32 Format hard disk partition and FAT32 format USB flash drive and mobile hard drive problems in the installation of FC3, if the language to select Simplified Chinese, then the system automatically set locale is zh_CN.UTF-8. Windows files are stored in the FAT32 partition. Because the Simplified Chinese code of Windows is GBK, the default parameter utf8 is used when FC3 mounts a file system in the FAT32 format, this will cause the files with Chinese characters in the names of these partitions to fail to be displayed normally, and sometimes it may even cause a local FC3 crash. If locale is not changed, run the Mount-O iocharset = utf8/dev/… command for FAT32 hard disk partitions /...... /Mnt /...... To solve the problem by loading the specified character set parameters. Previously Used Mount-T vfat/dev /...... /Mnt /...... Commands cannot be reused. For a FAT32 USB disk, the system automatically loads the device files in the/Media Directory instead of in the previous/mnt directory ), in this case, you can only uninstall it first and then reload it with the correct parameters. However, when you insert a USB flash drive (mobile hard drive), the system is suspended and cannot be detached. First, stop the function of automatically loading the USB device. On the GNOME desktop, click "Application-> preferences-> removable storage" to bring up an option form, remove the two "Removable Storage" option. Then manually Mount-O iocharset = utf8/dev /...... /Media /...... You can. I don't know if there is any better way. For example, it is more convenient to modify the loading parameters so that the system can automatically load the USB device correctly. For large-capacity USB mobile hard disks, the system sometimes recognizes multiple devices, such as sda1, sda2, and sda3. You can mount SDA directly without the following numbers. 6. Loading NTFS file system FC3 does not support NTFS file system by default. A patch is required. Method: First, check the kernel version (command: uname-A). The kernel I installed is 2.6.9-1.667smp i686 (it is strange that I have a single CPU, but I have installed an SMP kernel ). Then go to the http://linux-ntfs.sourceforge.net... fc.1.2.i686. rpm and run the: # rpm-IVH kernel-module-ntfs-2.6.9-1.667smp-2.1.20-0.fc.1.2.i686.rpm in the terminal window or command line. OK. The system can mount the NTFS partition. The mount command can use the same command as the FAT32 partition: Mount-O iocharset = utf8/dev /...... /Mnt /....... The system can automatically identify NTFs and FAT32. 7. If the printer is compatible with the system, the system can be automatically installed after the printer is restarted. You can also configure it manually. 3. Adjust the Chinese input method. If the language item is simplified Chinese during installation, three Chinese input methods are pre-installed on the system: iiimf, minichinput, and xcin. iiimf is used by default. Under iiimf (simplified), you can use four Chinese Input Methods: intelligent pinyin, GBK pinyin, double spelling, and internal code. There are no five input methods. To use the five-stroke input method, you need to install fcitx (fcitx also has a good PinYin Input Method ). To ensure the normal operation of fcitx, it is best to delete all the three pre-installed Input Method servers (otherwise, fcitx cannot be used in most cases). To delete the servers, run the following command: # rpm-e 'rpm-Qa iiim * '# rpm-e 'rpm-Qa minichinput' # rpm-e' rpm-Qa xcin' and restart the system. At startup of gnome, you may be prompted to delete a program shortcut related to the input method from the panel configuration. Download the latest fcitx source code package or RPM package from www.fcitx.org, which is currently 3.0.2. Let's get the source code package. It feels good. Run the command tar xjvf fcitx-3.0.2.tar.bz2; CD fcitx-3.0.2;./configure; Make; make install to complete the installation. The command file fcitx is installed in/usr/local/bin/, and the data file is in the/usr/local/share/fcitx/directory. Note that xmodifiers, xim, and other variables are not declared at this time. You can execute fcitx on the command line to start the fcitx input method, but a prompt is displayed during the startup that the xmodifiers variable has no value. In this case, you can edit the configuration file/etc/bashrc and add three variable declaration statements: Export xmodifiers = "@ im = fcitx" Export xim = fcitxexport xim_program = fcitx to solve the problem. The fcitx runtime parameter setting file is ~ /. Fcitx/config and profile. Description in Chinese. You can take a look at what you need to change. For example, if the text to be selected is too large due to lack of time, you can reduce it. Note: The default locale for the Chinese environment of FC3 is the zh_CN.UTF-8. The text document of fcitx is GBK in Chinese. Therefore, it may be garbled after being opened with VI or gedit. However, gedit can select character encoding when opening a document by running gedit first, and then calling the "file-open" menu to open the file panel, you can select character encoding in the lower part. If you want fcitx to run automatically when xwinodw is started, first check whether your home directory exists. open the xinitrc file if any, and create one if no. Add the fcitx & exec gnome-session statements to the file. Note that the sequence cannot be wrong. After the automatically started fcitx is started on the GNOME desktop, the input method status bar will be lost. In this case, any application such as gedit and terminal will be opened, and the status bar will automatically appear. Iv. XWindow screen font settings ...... Since the development of Linux, the display of Chinese characters in the GUI is basically satisfactory and you don't have to beautify it. If you really want to change it, take the simsun font in Windows as an example to illustrate the general process: first, copy the simsun. TTC file from the Windows system and put it in a directory. Add the directory to the <dir> item in the/etc/fonts. conf file. Run the command line command FC-cache to update the font index. Then open the configuration file/etc/fonts again. conf, search for the keyword simsun, forward all <family> simsun </family> statements to the <family> ar PL sungtil GB </family> statement in the same group (if this statement exists) -- There are probably two parts. Restart and replace the Chinese on the desktop with the simsun font. For principles, you can search for answers online. This method does not solve gtk1-based programs such as xmms. 5. access the Internet on the FC3 desktop in Linux. The default Internet browser is Mozilla Firefox. The starter is "Application-> Internet-> Firefox Web Browser ". However, you must install the flash plug-in. Otherwise, the Flash Animation cannot be displayed. Go to Macromedia's website (http://www.macromedia.com to download the Linux Flash Player Plug-in. Here is install_flash_player_7_linux.tar.gz. Install tar zxvf install_flash_player_7_linux.tar.gz; CD install_flash_player_7_linux;./flashplayer-installer. During installation, You need to specify the Firefox directory (by default/usr/lib/firefox-1.0). If you use Mozilla, specify the Mozilla directory, such as/usr/lib/mozilla-1.7.3. 6. You can use OpenOffice to process common documents, tables, charts, and other work in Linux. The starter is "Application> Office> OpenOffice.org ...". Windows Office can be basically replaced. The default OpenOffice has fixed several issues in FC2. Very easy to use, that is, the startup speed is a little slow. For simple text processing, you can use gedit. The initiator is "Application-> attachment-> Text Editor ". You can use dia to create flowcharts. The starter is "Application-> Office-> Dia Chart ". Similar to Visio in windows. "Application-> graphics-> ..." The program can be used to view, edit, and draw images and images. 7. In Linux, the default PDF Reader installed in the PDF document system is gpdf, and Chinese PDF files cannot be read. You can download and install the adobereader. Official site: http://www.adobe.com /. Linux-509.tar.gz is the most popular version. Unzip the package./install. The program file is installed in the/usr/local/cmdbat5/directory by default, and the main program is in the/usr/local/cmdbat5/bin/directory. This is an English version, and Chinese PDF cannot be displayed by default. You need to install the Chinese character pack-this is of course a simplified Chinese package, and others include traditional Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. What's interesting is that the links to these fonts cannot be found on Adobe's website. Fortunately, the README file in the main program contains the specific link address: http://www.adobe.com/prodindex/?bat/cjkfontpack.html. Next, decompress the package./instlang. The font file is installed in/usr/local/mongobat5/resource/font. After the installation, create a link with the same name for the master program file mongoread under/usr/local/mongobat5/bin/and place it in the path specified by the PATH variable, in this way, you can directly execute mongoread in the command line. In addition, you can create an initiator for the main program mongoread on the desktop, so that you can double-click to start it. Unfortunately, the PDF file name with Chinese characters on the title bar of the program window is garbled. 8. lumaqq can be used for QQ in Linux. Main site address: lumaqq.linuxsir.org. The latest version is lumaqq 0.2. Note that this software is written in Java rather than in C. If you Understand Java, You can compile the source code by yourself. Otherwise, the next RPM package will be ready. In addition, this software requires JRE (Java Runtime Environment) support, so you need to install JRE first. To save trouble, you can install the next RPM package with JRE. Here is the lumaqq-java.rpm. Run the rpm-IVH lumaqq-java.rpm and the program file is installed under the/opt/lumaqq/directory. Enter the directory in the terminal window, execute the script lumaqq-OK, and JRE will be installed automatically. lumaqq directory, and on the desktop and "Application-> Internet-> ..." To create a lumaqq starter (you may have to restart the desktop to see the starter ). Double-click the program starter on the desktop to run QQ. 9. The English-Chinese dictionary in Linux is used in Linux. There may be a bunch of English words from time to time. Sometimes there may be a few unfamiliar words. Install a dictionary software. Use stardict. Go to the official website http://stardict.sourceforge.net/to download the main program and the dictionary file.. First install the main program, run the rpm-IVH stardic-2.4.3-1.i386.rpm command to complete the installation, file installation location: executable command file stardict in the/usr/bin directory, the sub-directory stardict is created under/usr/share, and files are installed under/etc and user's main directory respectively. Run the stardict command on the command line to start the program. You can create a program starter on the desktop. Then install the dictionary. The default dictionary installation directory is/usr/share/stardict/DIC. Copy the dictionary package to this directory. For detailed usage, see the help of the program. It seems that there are some problems with the phonetic alphabet of words. 10. For a multimedia player in Linux, choose "Application> sound and video> ......" You have installed several audio and video playback software. Helix player is the twin brother of Real Player. It is okay to listen to and watch RM, but MP3 is not supported. If xmms is not installed by default, compile the source code and install an mplayer. It supports almost all known audio and video formats. In order to self-compile the program, the above mentioned Installation Method missing two library files, you need to first install: rpm-IVH glib-devel-1.2.10-15.i386.rpmrpm-ivh gtk +-devel-1.2.10-33.i386.rpm they are all in the fourth disk, find out and install it. 1, install xmms to the http://www.xmms.org download the latest version (currently 1.2.10version of the source code xmms-1.2.10.tar.bz2. Then tar xjvf xmms-1.2.10.tar.bz2; CD xmms-12.10;./configure; Make; make install the main program xmms is installed in the/usr/local/bin/directory. You can create an initiator for xmms on the desktop. About the playlist and Chinese display in the main window: Options-> preferences-> font, select "Use font set ......", "Use X Font ", and set the font at both locations to "-B & H-Luxi sans-Medium-r-normal-*-140-*-p-*-microsoft-cp1252, -*-gbk-0 ", change the title format of Option-> preference-> title to "% F", and reselect the song directory. 2. Install mplayer2.1, download to http://www.mplayerhq.hu/(official site) to download the latest version. The code package is divided into four parts. They are: ── main program (must): Mplayer-1.0pre5.tar.bz2 ── codecs package (a variety of audio and video formats of codecs, the next essential for Linux can be, or the next all for Linux, a network ): all-20041107.tar.bz2 ── Font font (required under GUI): font-arial-iso-8859-1.tar.bz2. You just need one. ── Skin Skin (required under GUI): Blue-1.4.tar.bz2. You just need one. 2.2 before installing codecs to install the main program, you must first install the codecs package-that is, decompress the codecs package to a directory to install the main program, the main program can automatically load and configure these codecs. The default directory for searching codecs during mplayer compilation is/usr/local/lib/codecs/, so it is best to extract these codecs to this directory. Of course, it can also be placed in other directories, so you need to install the main program, in the configure specify codecs search directory: -- With-codecsdir = dir2.3, install mplayertar xjvf Mplayer-1.0pre5.tar.bz2; CD Mplayer-1.0pre5 ;. /configure (or. /configure -- enable-Gui); Make; make install: extract the compressed package first, and then. /configure. If you need a GUI, execute it. /configure

-- Enable-Gui: The./configure -- enable-Gui-Language = zh_cn is used here. A language option is added to indicate that the Panel text is Chinese. Mplayer provides simplified Chinese panel text is gb2312, need to be converted to utf8 before compilation, otherwise it is not displayed, this Panel text file is the source file of the help subdirectory under the help_mp-zh_CN.h, open it with gedit and save it in utf8 format. You can use./configure -- help to view detailed help information. Then make, a long process. Make install. The main program file is mplayer. gmplayer is installed under/usr/local/bin/and other files are installed under/usr/local/lib/mplayer. 2.4 install and decompress the downloaded font package. There are several sub-directories, which are different lattice library. Copy a dot matrix font file to/usr/local/share/mplayer/font /. Here is a casual English font. If you need a Chinese font, search for it online. 2.5 install skin and create a default subdirectory under the/usr/local/share/mplayer/skin directory. Decompress and copy all skin files (some images) to the default subdirectory. OK. If everything goes well, you can watch the video. In command line mode, the mplayer parameter can directly play video files, VCD, and DVD files. You can also call out the mplayer GUI in the command line: gmplayer. You can create an initiator for the command gmplayer on the desktop to enable the mplayer GUI directly on the desktop. You can use mplayer-help for more detailed operations. 11. In Linux, the general data disc can be created using the three command line commands installed by default in Linux: mkisofs, mount, and cdrecord. Mkisofs can make the selected file into an ISO image file. (*) Mount can be used to test whether the ISO file is correct or not. Cdrecord can burn an ISO file to a CD. For example, save the file in the/usr/src/download/directory to the CD: # mkisofs-r-o TMP. ISO/usr/src/download // create the ISO image TMP. ISO # Mount-T iso9660-o loop TMP. ISO/mnt/CDROM // verify the ISO file # cdrecord-V speed = 24 Dev = 0, 0 TMP. for more details about how to use the ISO // dial, refer to the help and man manual pages of these three commands. Up to now, a basic available Linux desktop environment has been installed. Generally, daily application transactions can be completed under it. Adding a common user is too dangerous for the system to use root for daily work. In the root state, the desktop starters of the above applications are merged into the desktop directory of the new user, and the file owner and user group are modified. Then, log on with a common user and enjoy the new system. Note: The program initiator in "Panel-> application" is global and can be used when all users log in. After a user logs in, the initiator created on the desktop is only for this user. If you want other users to use the initiator, you can copy the initiator to the desktop directory of another user, and change the owner and group attributes of the initiator file to the corresponding user.