Build IPv6 next-generation IP networks with ample addresses

I. Introduction
If the "Millennium Bug" problem is a major hidden danger in the development of computer technology, the problem of IPv4 address insufficiency is a "stumbling block" in the Development of China's IP technology ". The difference is that when the computer's date space was not enough and the millennium worm was about to appear, all countries in the world were eager to find a solution. Now, the problem that IPv4 addresses are about to run out is only plagued by countries with few addresses in China, Japan, and South Korea. European countries are not in a hurry, while the United States is not in a hurry. As we all know, the distribution of IPv4 addresses is uneven across countries around the world. The United States is a country with ample addresses, and Europe is in the middle. only addresses in China and Japan are in short supply and will soon be exhausted.

Ii. problems caused by insufficient IPv6 addresses
IPv4 addresses are insufficient in China. To this end, we have adopted some technologies that save the use of IPv4 public addresses (for example, allocating "temporary addresses" and "internal addresses" to users) to delay address consumption. However, these technologies have a negative impact on the development of IP services, and cannot fundamentally solve the problem of address insufficiency. Therefore, IPv4 addresses in China are still facing the crisis of depletion.

1. Problems with using the "temporary address"

The address-saving technique is to assign a temporary IPv4 public address. For example, a dial-up user does not have a fixed public IP address. During communication, the user uses a temporary public IP address randomly assigned by the dial-up server, which changes frequently. For users, without a fixed public IP address, it means that the IP address cannot be "online at any time", but "temporary online, often transferred". It is easy to access others, making it difficult for others to find themselves, it can only be one type of "one-way access ". To allow others to access themselves (such as setting up their own dial-up websites and conducting business activities), Dynamic DNS and other technologies are required to increase the overhead of Address Resolution and processing.

On the other hand, the "temporary address" provides very convenient conditions for attackers on the Internet, such as spam ads and virus emails through dial-up Internet access, without special network skills, you can change the network address frequently, which is very convenient and private and easy to detect and investigate.

2. Problems with using "internal address"

The second technology used to save addresses is to allow users to use internal addresses. For example, in some CEN and user Small Area Networks, only internal IP addresses are allocated, instead of public IP addresses. If you want to access the Internet, you usually use the NAT (Network Address Translation) mechanism, that is, the vro supporting NAT temporarily allocates a public IP address (and port) for your temporary external communication; the internal IP address is still used for the internal IP address. The router that completes the NAT Function must remember the relationship between the two addresses (and ports) so that address translation can be performed during the IP packet forwarding process.

The "internal address" is not routed on the public network, and there is also a problem of "access on April 9". Users can access others, but it is difficult for others to access it. It is like using a telephone extension on the telephone network. The router that completes the NAT Function is like a switchboard. It is only possible to use the extension to call out. It is difficult for others to call in. I believe that on the phone Internet, no one will be willing to use a phone extension that is "hard to get in" or even "not available. However, many users are still using "internal addresses" on China's IP network. This phenomenon undoubtedly has great potential harm to the development of China's IP service. In fact, this danger has gradually become apparent. Because of the use of internal addresses, some applications such as voice and video services need to solve the NAT traversal problem, and the NAT traversal problem is completely caused by the use of "internal addresses", resulting in extra cost for services. To solve this problem, you must invest in device development and business operations, which leads to an increase in business costs and only negatively impacts business promotion.

In addition, the address translation function in NAT mode needs to increase processing overhead, and the increase in processing overhead will lead to a reduction in processing efficiency and a reduction in service quality. To enable multimedia services, increasing processing overhead will also adversely affect QoS. Although this impact can be offset by devices with higher processing capabilities, better devices mean more network investment and higher communication costs, the increase in communication costs is ultimately borne by users.

Iii. Address Space Expansion with IPv6
The use of "temporary address" and "internal address" are measures that China has to take to save IPv4 addresses. If there are enough IPv4 addresses, there is no need for users to use these addresses. The above problems will be solved. In order to bring the problem of insufficient addresses to the next-generation IP network, China, Japan, and South Korea have actively invested in IPv6 research and gradually pushed IPv6 technology to commercial use.

In fact, the market development potential of IPv6 is huge, but it has not been developed yet. IPv6 can assign an address to each person and address each person. If both parties use IPv6, As long as appropriate operating systems (such as windows XP and Linux) and appropriate communication software/hardware are used on the PC, it is possible to enjoy end-to-end IP video, audio, and data services, such as IPv6 videophone calls and IPv6 video conferences. As for the two-way transmission of files, emails, short messages, and other data communication functions, there is no problem. There are many types of mutual access services that can be carried out, and it is difficult for IPv4 networks in China to support them extensively.

Although IPv6 has broad business prospects, the development of new network services is usually a step-by-step process. For example, when IPv4-based Internet services were just launched in China, there were few Chinese resources and services on the Internet, and the number of Internet users was also small, people in the industry have discussed whether or not Internet Chinese businesses can be carried out and how they can be carried out in various ways. With the increase of various Chinese resources on the Internet and the development of free email, chat rooms, online games and other services, more and more people are familiar with and love the Internet. Today, it has become an essential means of communication to contact people through E-mail. Browsing news, downloading software, movies, music, and playing games on the Internet have become a part of people's daily lives. As the Internet has just entered our country, there are very few Chinese websites. It is hard to imagine that the Chinese business will develop to this situation when the domestic network is cold and clear.

There must be a process for the development of IPv6, but IPv6, after all, provides users in China with a more convenient business transmission platform than IPv4. Users can achieve end-to-end peer communication on the IPv6 platform. In the long run, IPv6 not only supports the original IPv4 application business, but also supports a variety of applications that cannot be widely supported by IPv4 networks in China due to address resource restrictions. IPv6 will gradually enter our lives. While providing convenience for us, the network itself will continue to grow and grow.

Iv. Suggestions on launching IPv6 services
To promote the development of IPv6 services, the author puts forward the following thoughts and suggestions:

1. mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties to enrich IPv6 network information resources

In the initial phase of IPv6 network construction, the advantage is that there are sufficient address resources and the ability to support various types of Bi- Al services, for example, new services such as mobile IP, end-to-end IP Phone/video communication, and remote control of household appliances/office equipment are implemented. The disadvantage is that there are few network resources that can be accessed internally. Some measures should be taken to make up for the lack of information resources.

In order to enrich network information resources, certain support policies should be adopted to encourage various enterprises, businesses and even individuals to provide various information and support various applications. For example, we offer preferential policies to sellers who build IPv6 small-area networks, and encourage companies that operate online businesses to open paid on-demand video, video conferencing, online games, and other services on IPv6; we encourage service organizations such as malls and community service companies to establish IPv6 websites and provide users with various services in the IPv6 user community: in IPv6 Address Allocation and DNS domain name registration, offer discounts to individual users to facilitate the establishment of IPv6-based fixed websites for individual users on their own PCs, and allow individual users to provide various services and carry out business activities on their own websites. Currently, individual users can only create homepages on ISP websites on IPv4 networks, which is inconvenient to use due to ISP storage space and various restrictions, on the IPv6 network, however, it is possible to establish a completely independent personal website on your PC.

Enterprises, merchants, and individuals may use IPv6 to publish information on the Internet for a variety of purposes. The published online information must be rich in content and diverse in forms. For example, in addition to traditional websites that operate VoD and online games, commercial websites launched by community stores and restaurants may provide home delivery services for users. The Service website launched by the residential property service company may enable the staff of hourly workers, nannies, maintenance workers or even waste products to provide services to the residents. There may be more new service projects using the network, which we cannot even imagine now. While providing IPv6 addresses and website convenience for a large number of users, network operators can also add a large number of diverse information resources on IPv6 networks, make IPv6 networks a useful and useful network for many people, and constantly expand the influence of IPv6 services. In short, we should mobilize the enthusiasm of as many people as possible, enrich the information resources inside the IPv6 network as soon as possible, and attract more and more people to use IPv6.

2. Work with scientific research departments to enhance Interconnection

In the initial phase of IPv6 network construction, we must first solve two problems: one is the interconnection between IPv6 and IPv4 networks, and the other is the interconnection between IPv6 networks.

IPv6 networks have fewer information resources, so IPv6 users must first be able to access IPv4 networks. Currently, some feasible implementation schemes (such as DSTM and NAT-PT) are available ). In order to expand the influence of IPv6 services, IPv4 terminals should also be allowed to access IPv6 networks. There are many problems in this regard and further research is needed. In addition, in the IPv4 "ocean", IPv6 networks may be composed of "islands", and the number of users and network resources on each "island" may be relatively small. Only by connecting these "islands" Can we expand the user base as soon as possible, so that a service provider in the "island" can serve multiple "island" users, it also facilitates more people to contact each other.

Interconnection between IPv4 and IPv6 networks and between IPv6 "islands" is a key point to expand IPv6 services. Interconnection must follow unified standards. In this regard, IPv6 equipment development companies and network operation companies can strengthen exchanges and cooperation with scientific research departments. The research department has accumulated a lot of experience in the construction and use of the IPv6 lab network, and has a deep understanding of the various problems and solutions that may exist in the network, familiar with network technology and communication protocols, and has valuable practical experience in IPv6 network interconnection. At the same time, the scientific research department has mastered advanced interconnection and interoperability testing technologies, and has good testing equipment and testing environment. It has specially trained a strong technical team, ability to provide strong third-party technical support for the interconnection of operation networks. Through cooperation, IPv6 operation companies can avoid detours during network construction to achieve faster and better economic benefits.

3. Strengthen IPv6 Address Allocation and Management

The Routing Structure of IPv4 networks in China is not very reasonable because it is in a passive position in the Construction of IPv4 networks. In particular, China does not apply for IPv4 Class A addresses, but only applies for non-consecutive Class B or Class C addresses. In addition, it applies for IPv4 Class A addresses in batches based on actual use cases. The IP addresses used for each application are used to divide the network segments and distribute them to the vro. This will inevitably generate a large number of Route fragments, which will adversely affect the network routing settings. Therefore, during IPv6 network construction, the network planning and management department should plan and allocate addresses as the focus of work.

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