Carriage return different lines and escape characters and ASCII values-(with ASCII code table)

The difference between Linux and Windows return line break

source of the problem: "Carriage return" (carriage return) VS "line feed"
Before the computer appeared, there was a gadget called a telex typewriter (teletype Model 33) that could play 10 characters per second. But it has a problem, that is, when the line is finished, it will take 0.2 seconds to hit two characters. If there are new characters coming in this 0.2 seconds, then this character will be lost.
So, the developers think of a way to solve this problem, is to add two after each line to end the character. One is called "carriage return", which tells the typewriter to position the printhead at the left border, and the other is called "line break", telling the typewriter to move the paper down one line.
This is the origin of "line break" and "carriage return", from their English name can also be seen in one or two.
Later, the computer invented, these two concepts are also like to the computer. At that time, memory was expensive, and some scientists thought it would be too wasteful to add two characters at the end of each line. So, there was a disagreement.
Unix system, the end of each line only "< line >", that is "\ n", the Windows system, each line at the end of the "< newline >< Enter >", that is "\n\r", Mac system, the end of each line is "< Enter >". A direct consequence of this is that if the file under the Unix/mac system is opened in Windows, all the text will be turned into one line, and if the files in Windows are opened under Unix/mac, a ^m symbol may appear at the end of each line.

dos and Windows use carriage return + newline cr/lf to represent the next line,

Unix/linux uses the newline character LF to indicate the next line,

the Mac OS system uses a carriage return CR to represent the next line.

The CR symbol ' \ r ' indicates that the decimal ASCII code is 13 and the hexadecimal code is 0x0d;

lf using the ' \ n ' notation, the ASCII code is 10 and 16 is 0x0a. So line breaks in the Windows platform are represented in a text file using 0d 0a two bytes, while the line breaks on UNIX and Apple platforms are expressed in 0a or 0d of bytes.

The runtime on the general operating system automatically determines the text file's wrapping format. If a program runs on Windows, it generates a text file in CR/LF format, while running on Linux generates a text file that is wrapped in the LF format. A file file that uses another line break on one platform can cause unexpected problems, especially when editing program code. Sometimes the code appears normal in the editor, but when you edit it, the error occurs because of a line break. Many text/code editors have a newline character conversion feature that allows you to swap line breaks in text files in different formats.

when using FTP software to transfer files between different platforms, in ASCII text mode transfer mode, some FTP client programs automatically convert to the line format. The number of bytes of files passed through this transfer may vary. If you do not want FTP to modify the original file, you can use Bin mode ( Binary mode) transmits text.

When you convert UNIX to Windows format, you can use Unix2dos or win2unix-r (-R for the opposite direction)

All the escape characters and their corresponding meanings:

Escape character	Significance	ASCII code value (decimal)
\a	Bell (BEL)	007
\b	BACKSPACE (BS) to move the current position to the previous column	008
\f	Page Break (FF), moving the current position to the beginning of the next page	012
\ n	Line Break (LF), move the current position to the beginning of the next line	010
\ r	Enter (CR) to move the current position to the beginning of the bank	013
\ t	Horizontal tab (HT) (jumps to the next tab position)	009
\v	Vertical tabulation (VT)	011
\\	Represents a backslash character ' \ '	092
\'	Represents a single quotation mark (apostrophe) character	039
\"	Represents a double-quote character	034
/	Null character (NULL)	000
\ddd	Any character represented by a 1 to 3-bit octal number	Three-bit octal
\xhh	Any character represented by 1 to 2 hexadecimal digits	Two-bit hexadecimal

Note: Differentiate, Slash: "/" with backslash: "\", not interchangeable here

Information is represented on a computer by binary notation, which is difficult to understand. Therefore, the computer is equipped with input and output devices, the main purpose of which is to be in a human readable form to display information on these devices for human reading comprehension. In order to ensure the correct information exchange between human and equipment, equipment and computer, people compiled a unified information exchange code, this is the ASCII code table, its full name is "American Information Interchange Standard code".

octal	hexadecimal	decimal	character	octal	hexadecimal	decimal	character
00	00	0	Nul	100	40	64	@
01	01	1	Soh	101	41	65	A
02	02	2	Stx	102	42	66	B
03	03	3	Etx	103	43	67	C
04	04	4	EoT	104	44	68	D
05	05	5	Enq	105	45	69	E
06	06	6	Ack	106	46	70	F
07	07	7	Bel	107	47	71	G
10	08	8	Bs	110	48	72	H
11	09	9	Ht	111	49	73	I
12	0a	10	nl	112	4a	74	J
13	0b	11	Vt	113	4b	75	K
14	0c	12	Ff	114	4c	76	L
15	0d	13	Er	115	4d	77	M
16	0e	14	So	116	4e	78	N
17	0f	15	Si	117	4f	79	O
20	10	16	Dle	120	50	80	P
21st	11	17	Dc1	121	51	81	Q
22	12	18	Dc2	122	52	82	R
23	13	19	Dc3	123	53	83	S
24	14	20	Dc4	124	54	84	T
25	15	21st	Nak	125	55	85	U
26	16	22	Syn	126	56	86	V
27	17	23	eTB	127	57	87	W
30	18	24	Can	130	58	88	X
31	19	25	Em	131	59	89	Y
32	1a	26	Sub	132	5a	90	Z
33	1b	27	Esc	133	5b	91	[
34	1c	28	Fs	134	5c	92	\
35	1d	29	Gs	135	5d	93	]
36	1e	30	Re	136	5e	94	^
37	1f	31	us	137	5f	95	_
40	20	32	Sp	140	60	96	'
41	21st	33	!	141	61	97	A
42	22	34	"	142	62	98	B