Chapter 1 virtualization and cloud computing (learn notes on Vmware Citrix and Microsoft virtualization technology and application practices)

Chapter 1 virtualization and cloud computing 1. Definition of Virtualization

Virtualization is a broad term. Different industries have different understandings of virtualization, and different people have different understandings of virtualization. Therefore, there is no standard definition.

A virtualization is a process in which users and applications can easily represent computer resources, instead of expressing these resources in a proprietary manner based on their implementation, geographic location, or physical packaging. In other words, it provides a logical view of data, computing power, storage resources, and other resources, rather than a physical view.

B virtualization refers to the logical group (or subset) of computer resources, so that they can be accessed in a way that benefits from the original configuration. This kind of resource is not restricted by implementation, geographical location, or physical configuration of underlying resources.

C. VMWare vsphere virtualizes and summarizes the basic physical and hardware resources between multiple systems, and provides large and good virtual resources for the data center. Virtualization is a process that breaks the hard connection between physical hardware and the operating system and applications running on it. After the operating system and applications are virtualized in the vsphere virtual machine, they no longer receive various constraints because the resources are located in a single physical computer. Virtual equivalents of physical elements (such as switches and storage) run across the virtual infrastructure of the entire enterprise.

2. The purpose of Virtualization

Virtualization aims to simplify IT infrastructure and resource management, reduce IT resource overhead, integrate resources, and save costs.

A needs to virtualize another software and hardware environment in a specific software and hardware environment, and can break the current situation of hierarchical dependency.

B. Improve the utilization of computer devices.

C compatibility problems may occur between different physical servers.

D virtualization can save potential costs.

Virtualization saves potential costs

Category	Saves potential costs
Hardware	No need to configure hardware for each server or desktop
Operating system license	If you use Microsoft's virtualization product, you can use the Windows Server 2003 R2 or 2008 R2 data center edition to obtain Unlimited virtual machine licenses and save on costs.
Power Consumption	Each physical machine consumes a certain amount of power and will not grow with the growth of the virtual machine scale.
IDC Temperature Control	No need to add new refrigeration devices
Server room space	The virtual machine is not a physical machine, so there is no need to increase the data center space

 

3. virtualization Classification

APlatform Virtualization

Platform virtualization only targets servers and operating systems, including server virtualization and desktop virtualization.

Server virtualization is divided into software virtualization and hardware virtualization. Software virtualization refers to running a virtual operating system on a virtualization platform, which runs on an existing operating system and belongs to a residential architecture, such as vmware workstation. Hardware virtualization means that the virtual platform runs directly on the physical hardware. This virtualization is also called hypervisor, which implements the division and allocation of hardware resources and belongs to the native architecture. The native architecture does not require an operating system. hypervisor directly manages hardware.

Desktop virtualization refers to the virtualization of computer desktops. This Virtualization allows virtual machines to provide system desktops for security and flexibility of desktop use. Users can access their own desktop systems on the network anywhere and anytime through any device.

BResource virtualization

Resource virtualization mainly refers to the resources used in virtualized computers, including storage virtualization and network virtualization. Storage Virtualization abstracts storage hardware resources and combines physical storage among multiple devices to form a single storage pool.

Network virtualization divides a network bandwidth into several independent channels to control available bandwidth and allocate available bandwidth to specific resources. Placing a peripheral network on a server without affecting the network or communication between virtual machines is called Intranet and Internet isolation.

CApplication Virtualization

Software-Based Service Virtualization separates applications from the operating system, allowing applications to run in the operating system, but dependent on the operating system. Application virtualization provides a virtual Runtime Environment for the application. In this environment, not only the executable files of the application, but also the runtime environment required by the application,

DPresentation Layer Virtualization

When you use an application, the application is not running on the local operating system, but on the server. The client only displays the interface of the program and user operations, the server only provides the presentation layer. This virtualization is the presentation layer virtualization.

 

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3. Cloud computing Overview

Cloud computing divides a computing task to a large number of computers over the Internet, and allows you to configure a shared computing resource pool, A technology that shares software resources and information that can be provided to users and devices as needed.

 

4. Features of cloud computing

A.Interconnected networks

Cloud computing can connect a server over a network so that data can be transmitted between them. Data Automatically floats to another server like the cloud through the network. Cloud computing also provides services to users through the network.

 

B.On-demand service

The scale of "Cloud" can be dynamically scaled. When users use cloud computing services, they obtain computer service resources at their own costs. These computer service resources will be increased or decreased according to users' personalized needs, or you can get more levels of services through cloud computing to meet the needs of different users.

C.Resource pooling

A resource pool (or pool) is a configuration mechanism that allows you to configure various resources (such as network resources and storage resources) in a unified manner, users do not need to care about the device models, complex internal structures, implementation methods, and geographical locations of these resources. From the user's perspective, these resources are a topic device, provide services to users as needed. As managers of these resources, resource pools can infinitely increase, decrease, and replace devices, manage and schedule these resources in a unified manner, so that users can be satisfied.

D.High Availability

Cloud computing must ensure service continuity, security, efficiency, and flexibility, therefore, it must adopt a clock Redundancy mechanism, a backup mechanism, a sufficient security management mechanism, an efficient response mechanism, and a flexible mechanism to ensure massive data access, this ensures the security and reliability of user data and services.

E.Controllable Resources

The original intention of cloud computing is to enable people to conveniently use cloud computing services like using water and electricity, greatly facilitating people to obtain computing service resources and effectively save technical costs, this maximizes the service benefits of computing resources. In fact, in the cloud computing online billing service field, how can we reasonably and effectively charge for cloud computing services, that is, how can we charge end users for the provided cloud computing services, still a topic worthy of attention in the industry

 

 

5. Cloud Computing Architecture

From a technical point of view, the industry generally thinks that the cloud computing system is divided into three layers, including infrastructure as a service, infrastructure as a service (IAAS); platform ASA service, platform as a service (PAAs), software as a service, and software as a service. These three-layer services are independent of each other, because the services provided by each layer are different. However, from a technical point of view, layer-3 services are mutually dependent but not mutually dependent.

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1. IAAs (Infrastructure as a service)

This layer serves to provide users with underlying computing, storage, and other resources. You can deploy and run any software, including operating systems and applications. Users cannot manage or control any cloud computing infrastructure, but can control the selection, storage space, and deployed applications of the operating system, or control restricted network components.

2. Paas (platform as a service)

To put it simply, the PAAs platform refers to the application infrastructure service in the cloud environment, or middleware as a service. Paas is a platform provided by service providers to users. Users can use various programming languages and tools (Java, Python ,.. Net) Develop your own software or products, and deploy the application and application environment without worrying about the underlying facilities, networks, and operating systems.

 

3. SaaS (software as a service)

SaaS providers have built all the network infrastructure, software, and hardware operation platforms required by informatization for users, and are responsible for all the pre-implementation and post-maintenance services. Users only need to use, access, and configure various services through a terminal in the form of web access, rather than managing any cloud computing services.

 

5. Cloud Computing Model

There are many cloud computing models. There are four cloud computing service models: public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, and industrial cloud.

1. Public cloud

Public cloud usually refers to the cloud that a third-party provider provides to users, or the cloud where an enterprise directly provides services to external users through its own infrastructure. Public cloud has the advantages of low cost, high flexibility, and large-scale application.

2. Private cloud

Private cloud usually refers to the cloud computing environment where users develop or use cloud computing products to build their own (or by cloud providers) and only provide services for themselves. Private clouds are built for independent use and thus provide the most effective control over data, security, and service quality. Private cloud has the advantages of high data security, full use of resources, and high service quality.

3. Hybrid cloud

For information control, scalability, unexpected demands, and Failover requirements, only the combination of Public and Private clouds can be met. clouds that combine the two are hybrid clouds. The advantage is that users can enjoy the privacy close to private cloud and close to the cost of public cloud, and can quickly access a large number of computing capabilities located in public cloud for emergency purposes.

4. Industry cloud

As the name suggests, industry cloud is a cloud designed for an industry and only available to enterprises in this industry. Industry cloud is proposed by the wave of famous commercial IT solution providers in China. The industry cloud is dominated by the industry or a region, or prevents the establishment and maintenance of key resources, and is either open or semi-open, provides paid or free services to the industry or relevant organizations and the public.

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Chapter 1 virtualization and cloud computing (learn notes on Vmware Citrix and Microsoft virtualization technology and application practices)