Chinese ideology and Plato's philosophy (reprinted)

Chinese ideology and Plato Philosophy

Zhou Jianming

 

Abstract: Plato's philosophy, as the cornerstone of Western philosophy, is the pure form of super existence. It is the same as the abstract and absolute nature of specific things and the geometric form, the yin and yang concepts of Chinese philosophy are the universal nature of all things in the world, but they do not have their own absolute form. The rheological form can give the geometric form a specific nature, but only the idea in the mind can achieve the unification of transcendence. This profound consistency exists between the Mobius belt, the Klein bottle, and the attention graph, the concept of being easy as The Tao of Chinese ideology and the concept form of Plato reveal the common connotation of Chinese and Western cultures at a higher level.

 

Plato (Plato 427-347 BC .) or Socrates-Plato is a milestone in Western philosophy, just like Confucius (551-479 B. c .) or Lao Tzu-Confucius is a milestone in the Chinese ideology (see the Chinese ideology). Although we did not owe everything to them, however, their integration represents the beginning and foundation of the two philosophy, and we still do not fully understand their meaning until today. For Western philosophers, Plato and Aristotle (Aristotle 384-322b.c .) it represents the different tendencies of Western philosophy, which is similar to the Relationship Between Lao Tzu and Confucius. Although alistio is a student of Plato, the implication of their differences is not fully understood, and it does not seem that there is a more profound association between Confucius and Plato, although Confucius and Plato have no connection in history, history reveals the existence of such a complementary association in a way that transcends time and space. This article not specifically discusses their similarities and differences from their respective theories, but simply uses them as representatives to explore the association between Eastern and Western cultural thoughts on their origins.

 

1. Concepts and forms

Plato's "idea" (idea, Eidos) has multiple meanings, but it basically does not directly refer to the concept of language expression. This work was developed by alistotus, the core of Plato's philosophy is the ideal or model, which refers to the existence of the Space Form of things. Therefore, his philosophy is synonymous with form, from the metaphor of his famous bed (the ideal country 10), we can clearly see that the idea of things is the perfect abstract form of things, rather than the abstract relationship between things, this is a key point of understanding Plato's philosophy.

The concept is an absolute form. In addition to the perfect form, the bed concept does not have any physical nature. This feature is the same as the purity of the geometric form, for example, a plane as a geometric element has no thickness, that is, it has no specific nature of experience. Therefore, a pure spatial form is an absolute concept, but it is not a graph in geometric painting, just as Plato said, painters only imitate specific things. Absolute geometric forms are expressed through geometric figures, and ideas are "Recalled" through thoughts ", this brings visible sunshine to concepts that do not have a perceptual nature, are invisible, and cannot be seen. The metaphor of light is important in Plato's dialogue, this is one of the wealth that he has left for western philosophy and theology. The specific things become the reality that can be felt because of the concept of "separation". The craftsman just creates a specific bed according to the concept. Specific things vary widely and often, while ideas are full, pure, and never changing forms of things. Therefore, they are absolute and permanent. In this sense, the concept has the significance of ontology and is a super-Verification "existence". Plato does not have a different understanding between ontology and existence, and the super-Verification of philosophy is incomprehensible, it can only exist in the soul. It is based on this that the soul is immortal due to ideas. This is the true cornerstone of Plato's theory of immortality. The essence of eternal and inevitable knowledge is philosophy. In this sense, knowledge is absolute. Therefore, knowledge as truth exists before all experiences. Therefore, knowledge is a memory of ideas, learning is nothing more than memory. This is Plato's knowledge recall theory. Plato laid the foundation of Western philosophy with his philosophy, and his legacy problem is the expression of philosophy as a concept. The common idea is also a public case that western philosophy cannot digest for more than two thousand years.

 

2. Form rheological

Plato's formal ideas were not clearly expanded and expressed. Although Plato repeatedly debate in the form of dialogue, the most critical question is that the metaphor cannot clearly express the transition between concepts and the real things-"points to existence", and the concepts of things can be imagined (returned) in thoughts ), however, we cannot express the relationship between ourselves and the real world in forms. Plato believes that painters and poets only imitate specific things and cannot express their own ideas. The expression of spatial form is realized by ry. Although the western ry has been fully developed in ancient times, it is just a static ry (the Euclidean ry of translation transformation ), far from understanding the form of convection change. Although Plato can learn from other Greek philosophers about changing things and geometric knowledge, in addition, he has a vague understanding of the changes in geometric forms, attributes of things, and the complex relationship between spaces (imio), but he has the idea of no form changes, not to mention the effective expression of form rheological, he is always wandering between form and concept. It was not until modern topological ry that we had discovered and studied the form rheological. This was first known as the Mobius strip, which was named after the German mathematician Ferdinand Mobius (1790-1868. Take a tape and twist the two ends to 180 degrees. It is a mobius tape: Each local tape has two sides (Yin and Yang ), but for the whole tape, there is only one surface. It simply and magically combines Yin and Yang into one! (See the figure below) If we use a pipe with any topology deformation to replace the tape, we can still bond the internal and external (Yin and Yang) surfaces of the container, however, you can only get a hollow ring like a tire, instead of sticking the two ends of the tube with a flip inside, we have to shoot one end of the pipe from itself and then bond the two ends. That is, there is only one side of Klein bottle, because German mathematician Felix Klein (1849-1925) the name.

Mobius and Klein bottles are fully studied as well-known examples of topological ry. They are clear, single, or even beautiful as the properties of geometric figures, but people are confused about the nature of the things it expresses. Almost all mathematicians, philosophers, and fans are fascinated by its nature, however, it is difficult to understand the mysterious nature expressed by such a simple geometric image: How is two faces a plane? How does one face have two sides? They reveal the philosophy of Ry from the rheological form, and use the geometric method to express the most profound philosophical principle, this secret which is not fully understood by western philosophy and ry has been fully understood by ancient Chinese thinkers. If we further abstract and combine the Mobius and Klein bottles, that is, remove their spatial properties, we can get a more abstract ideological scheme, which is the "China" Diagram (see the figure below ). It abstracts the absolute nature that exists in all things-yin and yang and their unification. This is the ancient Chinese concept "Tao" and "Yi ". "Know its white, keep its black, for the World style, Changde is not, back to the promise ." (Lao Tzu: Chapter 1) the correspondence between the graphic and Lao Tzu's speech is amazing. This is not a strong association between the graphic and the language, but a consistent idea. Mobius and Klein bottles demonstrate the process of changing and unifying yin and yang, but they do not produce the result of expressing this idea. Because Western Philosophy lacks this idea, Chinese philosophy has this idea of transcendence, however, there is no clear expression method, because ancient China lacks fully developed ry and can only express the most thorough philosophical thoughts with simple schemas. This is not the mystery of schemas, it is the depth of attention of the thinking itself. With the help of the Mobius belt and the Klein bottle, the philosophical thoughts contained in the Mind Map can be expressed more vividly. With the help of the concept of the Chinese ideology, the principles of geometry can be more deeply understood, for example, some modern geometric concepts such as non-European ry, inner ry, and transformation group can all be well understood, even some complex mathematical Physical Thoughts, such as physical spaces, can be helpful for understanding. In fact, some scholars who are at the forefront of Modern Science consciously seek inspiration from Chinese ideas, such as chaos theory and non-linear theory. Maybe Chinese thoughts will give us something more profound.

 

3. truth, goodness, and beauty

In Plato's dialogue, ideas, beauty, truth, knowledge and kindness are explained to each other, and they are hard to solve. But they are based on forms. They are abstracted and illustrated in the form of beauty, he uses beauty to explain the relationship between concepts and truth and knowledge. The concept is the perfect form of a thing. There is no difference and no part. Therefore, it is beautiful. In this sense, beauty is the complete form of a specific thing, therefore, beauty is the abstraction and transcendence of salty things. The absolute form is beauty. However, there are differences between things, so there are also many ideas. In this way, there is a higher idea above the idea. Plato calls it good (ideal 6). "This gives the object of Knowledge truth, what gives knowledge subjects the ability to understand is the concept of good. It is the reason for truth in knowledge and understanding. Truth and knowledge are both beautiful, but good ideas are more beautiful than the two. This is good knowledge ." Therefore, the concept is not the final existence. The idea is surpassed by itself (more beautiful) through the beauty. In this way, with the aid of the beauty, Plato rose from the idea to the highest form-goodness. The idea is super-verified, and it has no way to return to this shore. Therefore, it can only become good of the nature of God. Beauty cannot be used to understand God, and Plato can no longer say to goodness, in this way, Plato's philosophy is stuck on insurmountable binary split.

The thought of the Chinese Tao is itself becoming easier, represented by the relative nature of yin and yang of all things and the transcendence and exchange of yin and yang, from the image of Klein bottle, we can see the Rheological process of Yang-yin and yin-yang. From each part, Yin and Yang are obviously opposite, but from the whole, there is no distinction between yin and yang, but a unity of unity. Therefore, the concept of the Chinese ideology is not a form of solidified beauty, but a form of rheological itself. The solidification of the form rheological is its death. It is the beauty of the rheological nature. Therefore, a graphic is not a form of beauty, although it is also beautiful in graphics, it contains the beauty of change, the beauty of flow, and the beauty of thoughts. Therefore, it is the beauty of itself, in this sense, beauty and goodness are the same. China's cultural spirit is full of its own harmonious unity. Man and heaven are the most comprehensive Yin and Yang in the world, "Heaven and Man" is such a concept that everything in the world surpasses unity in its own changes. Yin and Yang are not absolute opposites. Chinese thoughts are not dual opposites, but they constantly surpass unity.

After all, truth is expressed by knowledge. Plato's knowledge theory is not a specific knowledge about the nature and relationship of things, but an insight into the relationship between thoughts and ideas, this is why many people misunderstand his knowledge and recall. Plato's memory actually refers to the thought. The idea is the existence of super verification. It cannot be perceived or visible to the naked eye. Only thought (Memories) can be close to it. Therefore, in his opinion, knowledge is the memory of ideas. It is not surprising that a Craftsman makes a bed according to his or her ideas. Therefore, although the idea is super-verified, the thought can be close to it. Plato's memories are the process of approaching the idea. Concepts as the knowledge of truth cannot be finally grasped. Socrates's image is to acknowledge that he is an ignorant debater. His true meaning is that there is no final knowledge, however, only the pursuit of knowledge, debate and dialogue are such a process in which both parties explore the true knowledge together. Therefore, although absolute knowledge, that is, ideas, cannot be achieved, however, in the pursuit of ideas, people can share the sunshine of ideas. The true meaning of Plato's famous cave metaphor is exactly here. Socrates's debate and Plato's dialogue are such an infinitely close process of truth.

In Chinese philosophy, the philosophy of Tao is manifested in the whole world. Yin and Yang are absolute things, but they are not absolute things. Therefore, Yin and Yang are not super-verified, it implements itself in all things, but it does not have its own absolute form-"The Big phase is invisible". In any specific or partial things, there is a confrontation between yin and yang, but there is no absolute single Yin and single Yang. It exists in the transcendence of opposites, and it changes to eternal life. People grasp it in their thoughts, the roadmap and the octal chart are the Roadmap or paradigm of thoughts. They are the essential features of Chinese philosophy, that is, Chinese thoughts. Of course, as a human's knowledge of things, it has its own process of occurrence, learning, and accumulation. This is the update of Knowledge in Development and accumulation, that is, the change of knowledge itself, this is the true knowledge itself-truth, Confucius said: "believe in good faith, good faith, good faith." (The Analects of Confucius: taibo) it is in the constant learning and pursuit that we can learn and keep track. Lao Tzu emphasizes the concept of being weak, weak, static, uncontested, and Valley. This refers to the changes in static state. It refers to the idea of "zhiqixiong" and "guarding against its female", which is a new student in breeding, the subject of the Klein bottle is also the bottle of Yin Bao Yang (cup) shape, no Yin, Yang can not be born, but the appearance of Yang, Yin is not the Yin of the past, therefore, the stream of the form is not a loop of the old form, but a constant update, but the Klein bottle as a solidified form cannot express this higher concept, it is only the body of death in the form of rheological forms. Therefore, starting from the traditional Western ideological model, mojingus cannot understand the mysteries in simple ways, and will not guide the new concepts in the higher level of rheological, however, a more abstract timeline chart can guide people's thoughts to activate them and see its flow and update from their thoughts. This is an intangible change of elephants, it is the "inaction, not all for" grasp and regeneration, is the "moderate" inclusive, belief, waiting and hope, these great ideas are fully reflected in the ancient Chinese cultural concepts: the transcendence of the TAO, the eternal of the Yi, "the pan Ming of the Tang Dynasty: The sun is new, the sun is new, and the sun is new." (University) Chinese ideology is lofty because of its complete spirit of transcendence. This kind of beauty often gives rise to a trembling sensation.

 

4. Complementary Chinese and Western ideas

From the above analysis, we can see that although western philosophy and Chinese philosophy are obviously different, as philosophical thoughts, they have a complementary identity, this first fully demonstrates the consistency between the Mobius belt, the bottle, and the plot. From the perspective of Euclidean geometry, the two sides of a plane (Yin and Yang) are meaningless, however, if this surface changes, it will show the two sides of yin and yang, and this opposition will become the same in the future. This is the consistency between the formal concept and the Chinese idea. On the other hand, all specific things have universal differences and confrontation, that is, yin and yang, but the world is not split and destroyed, and the world becomes the harmony of Tao in its own changes, harmony in the transcendence of the TAO in all things in the world is the absolute and eternal power of the TAO itself. This is the consistency between Chinese thoughts and Western ideas. These two are complementary Chinese and Western ideas. Only at this higher level can we deeply understand the significance of the whole human culture.