Cognition and design-understanding the rules of uidesign (1) we perceive our expectations

Our perception of the surrounding environment is very large.ProgramIt depends on what we expect to perceive. There are three factors that affect our expectation and our perception.

1. Past: Our experience
2. Current: Current Environment
3. Future: Our goals

Experience impact awareness:

I will give you a design drawing. If I tell you that this is a planning map of a real estate company's Park, you may see the layout of residential houses or the location of the garden. But if I tell you that it is a billboard designed by an advertising design company, you may see the word life (look at the white part) or something else.

The above is a visual example. Experience also affects the perception of many other aspects, such as the understanding of statements. For example, there are three people A, B, and C. If a has heard that C has been cheated in normal times, B has heard that C is honest. If a and B hear a message at the same time that C is caught cheating during an exam, A and B will have a different understanding. A may believe this, But B may not. This is also an example of experience affecting our perception.

Computer Software and website users often click related links when they do not see the screen. They rely more on their previous experience. Sometimes, this will make the software designer very depressed, because the software designer always thinks that the user will see the prompt content on the interface, but not actually.

For example, we have designed an Installation Wizard program with "previous" and "Next" operations. These wizard programs have several pages, the buttons on each page are usually in the lower right corner of the interface. The "previous" button is at the front and the "Next" button is at the back. Therefore, users often do not read the text carefully, naturally, the "Next" button is at the end of the page, and the button with the same layout above paralyzes their visual system. If you change the positions of the "previous" button and "Next" button on the last page, then the user will have an incorrect operation. Another design principle is the "user interface consistency" principle, which will be explained later.

 

Environmental impact awareness:

Just like the context in our reading process, the same word may have different meanings in different contexts. A letter appears in different words. We may think it is a different word. For example, it is also a letter H. In the left word "the", we look at it and think it is the letter h, but in the right word "cat", we look at it, it is like the letter.

The impact of the surrounding environment on perception also exists between different senses. The perception of any of the five senses may affect the perception of other senses at the same time.

What we hear affects what we see, and vice versa;

What we hear, see, or smell can affect our touch;

 

Target Impact awareness:

In addition to experience and environmental impact, our goals and future plans will also affect our perception. Specifically, things irrelevant to our goals will be filtered out in advance and will not enter the consciousness level.

For example, when people look for a function on a software or website, they do not read it carefully. They just quickly scan things related to the target, for those irrelevant things, they don't even notice.

For example, I want to show you a picture with scissors, hammers, sickle, and many other tools. First, I ask you to find scissors in this picture. You may find scissors soon. Then I told you not to read this picture, and told you to tell me if there is a screwdriver in this picture? You may not know.

For example, when you meet an old friend on a noisy street and you chat very vigorously, you are basically filtered out by other sounds around you, the only thing you hear is your friend's voice.

For example, if someone else wants to test your arithmetic questions. A bus contains 25 people. At Station A, there were 6 people, 3 people, 2 people on Station B, and 9 people on Station C, on Station D, there were three more people, but eight more people. As soon as you hear it, you may think that someone else will ask you how many people there will be in the car at the end. So when someone else says it, you will seriously remember how many people each time, how many people are there? However, if someone finally asks you how many stops the car passes, you may be disconnected. This is because your target affects your perception and filters out other information.

Target Impact perception is more obvious in adults than in children. (Children may remember other things irrelevant to their goals due to curiosity)

In terms of software, for example, if you want to log on to a website of a certain school and want to check the major of the school, you may find the search box as soon as you enter it, enter your search example. If there is a small floating box in the lower-left corner of the website, it means that you have become a lucky visitor and won the 100 yuan prize, you may not notice it.

What mechanism does the target affect our perception? There are two:

1. Perception is active when it affects our attention. We always move our ears and our eyes are looking for things that are related to what we are doing or are about to do, and ignore things that are irrelevant.

2. Make our perception system sensitive to certain features. For example, if you are in the parking lot and tell you to find a red car, you will be very sensitive to the red color. For cars of other colors, you will hardly notice.

 

What does it mean for design?

Avoid ambiguity

Avoid displaying ambiguous information and confirm that all users have consistent understanding of the information through testing.

Consistent

Place controls and information in a consistent position. Controls and data display with the same functions are provided on different pages at the same location on each page, and they should also have the same color, font and shadow. Such consistency allows users to quickly find and recognize them.

Understanding goals

There are goals for users to use a system. Designers should understand these goals and realize that the goals of different users may be different, and their goals strongly influence what they can perceive. At each point of an interaction, ensure that the information required by the user is provided and clearly mapped to a possible user target, so that the user can notice and use the information.