Common Network Diagnostics commands

1.Ping

Applicable environment: WIN95/98/2000/NT

Use format: ping [-t] [-a] [-N Count] [-l size]

Parameter introduction:

-T allow the host on which the user resides to continuously send data to the target host

-A displays the network address of the target host in IP address format

-N count specifies how many times you want to ping, specified by the following count

-L size Specifies the size of the packet to be sent to the target host

Primary function: The time needed to test a frame of data from one host to another to determine the main response time.

Detailed Introduction:

This command is primarily used to check whether a route is reachable, because the Baochang of the command is very small, so the speed of transmission on the Internet is very fast, you can quickly detect whether you want to go to the site is up, generally you go to a site can run the command to see if the site is up to. If the ping is not successful, you can predict the failure occurs in the following areas: Network cable connectivity, the correct configuration, the IP address is available, etc. if the ping is successful and the network is still unavailable, then the problem is likely to be in the software configuration of the network system, Ping success only guarantees that there is a connected physical path between the current host and the destination host. Its use format is at the command prompt type: Ping IP address or host name, execution results show response time, repeat this command, you can find the Ping report response time is different. The specific ping command can be followed by a lot of parameters, you can type ping after the return of which there will be a very detailed description.

An example is provided:

When we want to visit a site such as Www.chinayancheng. NET, we can use the PING program to test the current speed of connecting to the site. First on the Windows 9x system, click the Start key and select Run the command, and then in the Run dialog box, enter the ping and the URL that the user wants to test, such as Ping www.chinayan- Cheng.net, the program sends a 32-byte message to the primary server of the specified Web address, and then it records the server's response time. The ping program will display the results of 4 tests to the user. Response time of less than 300 milliseconds can be considered normal, time more than 400 milliseconds is slower. The "Request for Pause" message indicates that the URL did not respond within 1 seconds, indicating that the server did not respond to Ping's configuration or that the Web site reacted very slowly. If you see 4 "Request paused" messages, the URL rejects the ping request. Many web administrators do not allow the server to accept this test because the excessive ping test itself creates bottlenecks. If the URL is busy or for other reasons running slowly, such as insufficient hardware, the data channel is relatively narrow, after a period of time can try again to determine whether the site is really faulty. If there is a problem with multiple tests, you can think that the user's host and the site is not connected, users should promptly contact the Internet service provider or network administrator.

　　2.winipcfg/ ipconfig

Both winipcfg and Ipconfig are used to display configuration information for the IP protocol within the host. Only winipcfg applies to Windows 95/98, and Ipconfig applies to Windows NT/2000/XP.

Winipcfg does not use parameters and runs it directly, it displays specific information in the form of a Windows window. This information includes: the physical address of the network adapter, the IP address of the host, the subnet mask and the default gateway, etc., click "Other Information" in it, also can view the related information such as host name, DNS server, node type, etc. The physical address of the network adapter is useful when detecting network errors.

The ipconfig command format is as follows:
ipconfig [/? |/all |/release [Adapter] |/renew [Adapter]]
The parameters are described below:
/? An English description of the format and parameters of the ipconfig display;
/ALL Display all the configuration information;
/release Free IP addresses (DHCP only) for the specified adapter (or all adapters);
/renew updates the IP address for the specified adapter (or all adapters) (DHCP only).

Use the ipconfig command with no parameters to get the following information: IP address, subnet mask, default gateway. With Ipconfig/all, you get more information: Host name, DNS server, node type, physical address of the network adapter, IP address of the host (IP addresses), subnet mask (Subnet Mask), and default gateway Wait

An example is provided:

If we want to quickly understand the specific configuration of a host's IP protocol, you can use the winipcfg command to detect it. Its specific steps are as follows: in the "Run" dialog box, directly enter the Winipcfg command, and then click the ENTER key, we will see an interface. In this interface, we know that the current author of the computer is the type of 3COM network card, the physical address of the network card is 00-60-08-07-95-14, The IP address of the host is 210.73.140.13, the subnet mask is 255.255.255.192, and the address of the router is 210.73.140.1, if the user wants to know more about the host's other IP protocol configuration information, such as the DNS server, DHCP server, you can click the Details button in the interface directly.

　　3.tracert

Applicable environment: WIN95/98/2000/NT

Use format: tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host_list] [w timeout]

Parameter introduction:

-D does not resolve the name of the target host

-h maximum_hops Specifies the maximum number of hops to search to the destination address

-j host_list Free source routing by address in host list

-w timeout Specifies the timeout interval, and the default time unit for the program is milliseconds

Main function: Determine the path through which the packet arrives at the destination host, the list of relay nodes that the packet passes through, and the arrival time.

Detailed Introduction:

This application is used primarily to show the path through which the packet arrives at the destination host. The use format for this command is either at the DOS command prompt or directly in the Run dialog box by typing the following command: Tracert host IP address or host name. The result returns a list of the relay stations that the packet experienced before reaching the destination host and shows the time of arrival at each relay station. This feature is similar to the ping command, but the information it sees is much more detailed than the ping command, which tells you all the routes you have sent to a particular site, and how much the IP is routed through the IP. Specific tracert command can be followed by a lot of parameters, you can type tracert after the return, which will have a very detailed description.

An example is provided:

If you want to know the detailed transmission path information between your computer and the target host, you can use the TRACERT command to detect it. Its specific steps are as follows: in the "Run" dialog box, enter the tracert www.chinayancheng.net command directly, then click the Enter key, we will see an interface, of course, you can also in the MS-DOS mode, enter tracert Www.chinayancheng.net command, you can also see the result screen. In this screen, We can track the path information connected to the target site www.chinayancheng.net in detail, for example, halfway through the number of information relay, each pass through a transit point how long it took, through these times, we can easily find out the user host and the target site between the line is where the fault and other feelings Condition. If we add some parameters to the tracert command, we can also detect other, more detailed information, such as using parameter-D, to specify that the program is tracking the host's path information while also resolving the domain name of the target host.

　　4.netstat

Applicable environment: WIN95/98/2000/NT

Use format: netstat [-R] [-S] [-n] [-a]

Parameter introduction:

-R Displays the contents of the native route label

-S displays the usage status of each protocol (including TCP protocol, UDP protocol, IP protocol)

-N displays addresses and ports in a numeric form

-a displays the port number of all hosts

Main Features: This command allows users to understand how their host is connected to the Internet.

Detailed Introduction:

The Netstat program helps us understand the overall use of the network. It displays details of the currently active network connection, such as displaying network connections, routing tables, and network interface information, allowing users to know which network connections are currently running in total. We can use netstat/. command to view the use format of the command and detailed parameter descriptions, which are used in the format of the command at a DOS command prompt or directly in the Run dialog box: netstat[parameter], using the parameter features provided by the program, we can understand the other functionality information of the command. For example, display the Ethernet statistics, show the use status of all protocols, such as TCP protocol, UDP protocol and IP protocol, and so on, as well as select specific protocols and view their specific usage information, as well as display the port number of all hosts and the detailed routing information of the current host.

An example is provided:

If we want to understand the Yancheng Information Network Center node's export address, gateway address and host address, and other information, you can use the netstat command to query. The specific method is as follows: In the "Run" dialog box, enter the netstat command directly, and then click the ENTER key, we will see an interface, of course, you can also in the MS-DOS mode, enter the netstat command. In the interface, we can understand the type of protocol the user hosts, the IP addresses of the current host and the remote host, and the connection status between them.