A good article. I used to see the apt-GET command in Ubuntu. I used to download the installation package from the Internet and install it. I didn't take this command for granted, I used this command to install stardict today. I think it is really good to design this command. In this age of Faster network speeds, some commonly used software is not too large, and there is no need to save the installation package, download and install it directly. APT-get is a product of the times. I like it. The following article describes apt in detail and is very organized.
Fedora and Red Hat have Yum installation software and Ubuntu has apt tool.
APT is simply a command to install software for Ubuntu.
1. APT Related Files
/Etc/APT/sources. List |
Set the source for obtaining the Software Package |
/Etc/APT/apt. conf |
APT configuration file |
/Etc/APT/apt. conf. d/ |
APT's fragmented configuration file |
/Etc/APT/preferences |
Version Parameters |
/Var/Cache/APT/archives/ |
Store downloaded software packages |
/Var/Cache/APT/archives/partial |
Store the software package being downloaded |
/Var/lib/APT/lists/ |
Store downloaded software package details |
/Var/lib/APT/lists/partial/ |
Store the details of the software package being downloaded |
Ii. subcommands of the apt-GET command
Update |
Update the package list |
Upgrade |
Upgrade all software packages in the system |
Install |
Install software package |
Remove |
Uninstall Software Package |
Autoremove |
Only remove software packages that do not need to be downloaded again |
Purge |
Permanently delete the software package (including configuration files) |
Source |
Download source code |
Build-Dep |
Automatically download, install, and compile the required software package |
Dist-Upgrade |
Upgrade the entire release |
Dselect-Upgrade |
Select to install dselect for upgrade |
Clean |
Delete all updates cached locally |
Autoclean |
Delete unnecessary software packages in the local cache |
Check |
Check for problematic Dependencies |
Example: $ sudo apt-Get install php5-mysql apache2 $ Sudo apt-Get Update & sudo apt-Get upgrade |
Iii. APT-Get Command Options
-D, -- download-only |
Download only, not install |
-F, -- fix-broken |
Fix dependency issues (for the install and remove sub-commands) |
-M, -- ignore-missing, -- fix-Missing |
Ignore missing software packages. When a software package cannot be downloaded, it is automatically ignored. |
-- No-Download |
Download of software packages is prohibited. With-M, APT can only use the downloaded software package. |
-Q, -- quiet |
Silent mode. The output information is suitable for logs. |
-S, -- simulate, -- just-print |
Simulate the test and do not perform the actual operation or change the system. |
-Y, -- yes, -- assume-Yes |
Yes automatically when the system asks a question |
-U, -- show-upgraded |
Show upgraded software packages |
-V, -- verbose-versions |
Displays the complete version number of installed and upgraded software packages. |
-B, -- compile, -- Build |
Compile the source code package after it is downloaded. |
-- Ignore-hold |
Ignore reserved software packages |
-- No-Upgrade |
Do not upgrade the Software Package |
-- Force-Yes |
Force answer yes |
-- Print-Uris |
Only accept the package address, not install |
-- Purge |
Thoroughly Delete, including configuration files |
-- Reinstall |
Reinstall the Software Package |
4. APT-Cache command
Function: search for a software package name or display details of a software package. |
Search for MySQL software packages |
$ Apt-cache search MySQL |
View the detailed version number of the SSH Software Package |
$ Apt-Cache show SSH |
V. Operation comparison of Red Hat, fedora, and Ubuntu software packages
Task |
Red Hat, Fedora |
Ubuntu |
Basic Information |
Package suffix |
*. Rpm |
*. Deb |
Software source configuration file |
/Etc/yum. conf |
/Etc/APT/sources. List |
Install, delete, and upgrade software packages |
Update the package list |
Automatic execution every time yum is run |
Apt-Get update |
Install software from software warehouse |
Yum install package |
Apt-Get install package |
Install a downloaded software package |
Yum install PKG. rpm Rpm-I PKG. rpm |
Dpkg-I PKG. Deb PKG -- install PKG. Deb |
Delete a software package |
Rpm-e package |
Apt-Get remove package |
Software Package upgrade check/test |
Yum check-Update |
Apt-get-s upgrade Apt-get-s dist-Upgrade |
Upgrade Software Package |
Yum update Rpm-uvh [ARGs] |
Apt-Get upgrade |
Upgrade the entire system |
Yum upgrade |
Apt-Get dist-Upgrade |
Software Package Information |
Obtains information about a software package. |
Yum search package |
Apt-Cache show package |
Obtain information about all software packages |
Yum list available |
Apt-Cache dumpavail |
Show all installed software |
Yum List Installed Rpm-Qa |
Dpkg-l Dpkg -- list |
Obtains information about an installed software package. |
Yum info package Rpm-Qi package |
Dpkg -- status package |
List the files contained in an installed software package |
Rpm-QL package |
|
List documents contained in an installed software package |
Rpm-Qd package |
None |
List the configuration files contained in an installed software package |
Rpm-QC package |
None |
Displays the list of packages that a software package depends on. |
Rpm-QR package |
Apt-Cache depends package |
Displays the reverse dependency of a software package. |
Rpm-Q-whatrequires [ARGs] |
Apt-Cache rdepends package |
Package File Information |
Obtains information about a software package. |
Rpm-qpi pkg. rpm |
Dpkg -- info PKG. Deb |
Obtains the list of files contained in a software package. |
Rpm-qpl PKG. rpm |
Dpkg -- contents PKG. Deb |
Obtain the documents contained in a software package file |
Rpm-qpd PKG. rpm |
None |
Obtains the configuration file contained in a software package file. |
Rpm-qpc PKG. rpm |
None |
Decompress the Software Package |
Rpm2cpio PKG. RPM | cpio-vid |
Dpkg-Deb -- extract PKG. Deb |
Search which software package is used to install a file. |
Rpm-qf/file/Name |
Dpkg-S/file/Name Dpkg -- search/file/Name |
Search for all software packages that provide a file |
Yum provides/file/Name |
Apt-file search/file/Name |
Miscellaneous |
Displays the cache status of local software packages. |
None |
Apt-Cache stats |
Verify all installed software packages |
Rpm-va |
Debsums |
Delete all locally cached software packages |
Yum clean packages |
Apt-Get clean |
Only remove outdated software packages in the local cache |
None |
Apt-Get autoclean |
Delete all software package information |
Yum clean Headers |
Apt-file purge |