Composition principle outline

Here we will analyze the test points that constitute the principle. The computer system overview chapter has almost no possibility of comprehensive application issues. Most of the knowledge points only need to be understood.

Computer Development History
Hierarchy of computer systems
Basic Components of computer hardware
Computer software Classification
Computer Work Process
Understanding
Computer performance indicators
Throughput, etc.
Note that these concepts will often appear in subsequent chapters and need to be mastered and understood.

The data expression and operation chapter have many points to test, but it is unlikely to appear separately in the integrated application questions. A common test point for multiple choice questions in different Representation Methods of the number in the machine and their mutual conversion.

Number System and encoding

Carry counting system and its mutual conversion
True Value and number of machines
BCD Encoding
Character and string
Verification Code
Master
 
Number of points representation and Operation

Number of points
The expression of the unsigned number and the expression of the signed number

Count Calculation
Shift operation of the number of points (pay attention to the determination of the highest bit when the arithmetic shift is right); addition and subtraction of the original number of fixed points; addition and subtraction of fixed points; multiplication and division of fixed points; overflow concept and discriminant method (recognition)
Proficient
 
Floating Point expression and Operation

Floating point representation
Floating point representation range; ieee754 Standard

Addition and subtraction of Floating Point Numbers
You must be able to describe the steps for addition and subtraction of floating point numbers. Pay attention to the normalization of floating point numbers.
Master
 
Arithmetic logic unit ALU

Serial and Parallel Processors
Functions and structure of the arithmetic logical unit ALU
To understand the principles and differences between the serial and parallel splitters, you must master the functions and structure of ALU, which is the basis of subsequent chapters.
Understanding
 

The memory hierarchy is the focus of the course on composition principles. When reviewing this chapter, you should pay attention to the cache-primary-External Storage hierarchy, compare the ideas, principles, and methods of cache-primary and virtual memory.

This chapter is a common test site for comprehensive application questions. Typical questions include computing related to three different image modes of cache, the design of the word extension and bit extension schemes for the master chip, and the content of address translation for the virtual memory.

Storage category
Including different classification methods and comparison and memorization of different memories
Hierarchical Structure of memory
Understanding the principles and objectives of the hierarchical design of cache-primary-External Storage
Semiconductor random access memory
Working principle of SRAM memory
Working principle of DRAM Memory
Pay attention to DRAM refresh-related issues and comparison between SRAM and DRAM
Read-only memory
Know about the types of Rom such as prom, EPROM, and EEPROM.
Connection between primary storage and CPU
This is the basis for solving the problem of primary storage expansion.
Dual-port RAM and multi-module memory
Cache)
Local principle of program access
Multiple choice question points
Basic working principle of Cache
Be proficient
Ing between cache and primary storage
Comparison of Different ing methods, related computing, and comprehensive application points
Master memory block replacement algorithm in cache
Understanding the ideas of Different replacement Algorithms
Cache write policy
Understanding the principles and objectives of writing and writing back.
Virtual Memory
Basic concepts of virtual memory
Webpage-based Virtual Memory
Segmented virtual memory
Segment-page virtual memory
TLB)
Note the conversion of virtual addresses and physical addresses, how to query field tables and page tables, TLB principles and functions, and average access time calculation. Proficient

The instruction system has always been a frequent test site for the exam. This chapter is relatively simple. To get a high score, you must ensure the scores of the relevant test sites in this chapter.

Command Format
Basic Instruction format
Fixed-length operation code Instruction format
Extended operation code Instruction format
Comparison between fixed-length and extended operation codes, calculation and design of commands using extended operation codes
Addressing method of commands
Concept of valid address
Data addressing and command addressing
Common addressing methods
Pay attention to the comparison of different addressing modes to master the recognition of addressing processes in each mode
Understanding
Master
Basic concepts of CISC and RISC
Know the differences between the two

The central processor chapter is a key and difficult part of the Principle exam.

CPU functions and basic structure
Master
 
Command Execution Process
Here we can see comprehensive application questions, combined with the test site of the micro command to examine each step of the execution of a command.
Proficient
 
Functions and basic structure of data paths
Master
 
Functions and working principles of the Controller

Hard wiring Controller
Microprogram Controller
Micro-programs, micro-commands and micro-commands; micro-command format; micro-command encoding method; micro-address Formation Method
This is also a comprehensive application of the problem, you can examine the principles of the micro-Program Controller; you can also appear in the choice of two different controller comparison.
Proficient
 
Command Line

Basic concepts of command line
Basic concepts of excessive flow and dynamic flow line
This is the examination site for multiple choice questions.
Recognition
 

The bus chapter is not the focus of the test. Many materials need to be recorded, and the relative focus is on bus arbitration and timing.

Overview
Basic concepts of Bus
Bus Classification
Bus composition and performance indicators
Note that a single bus, dual bus, and multi-bus refer to several data bus, control bus, and address bus. Understanding
Recognition
Bus Arbitration
Centralized Arbitration
Distributed arbitration Method
Different arbitration methods and their respective principles should be presented. Master
Bus Operation and timing
Synchronous Timing Mode
Asynchronous timing
Know the principles of different timing methods. Master
Bus Standard
I know there are formal and industrial standards, and there are several different standards. The standard specifies the functional structure of the mechanical structure of the bus and electrical specifications. Understanding

The input/output system is not a hot topic of the exam. It is mainly to remember some concepts, know different devices and some relevant parameters, you need to be familiar with the hard disk read/write process and some parameter calculation, interrupt related concepts and principles, and the principle of the DMA mode, the corresponding hardware structure and working process.

Basic concepts of I/O Systems
External Device
Input Device: Mouse, keyboard
Output devices: displays and printers
External Storage: hard disk storage, disk array, and Disc Storage
You must be aware of various external devices, understand the basic working principles and common performance indicators of these devices, such as the resolution of the display, the read/write time of the disk, and so on. Recognition
I/O interface (I/O controller)
Functions and basic structure of the I/O interface
I/O port and Its addressing
Recognition
I/O mode
Program Query Method
Program interruption Mode
Basic concepts of Interrupt; interrupt response; interrupt handling; multiple interruptions and interrupt shielding.
DMA mode
Composition of the DMA controller; DMA transfer process
Channel Mode
The differences and differences between the methods in Section 4 should be compared. Proficient