CRC (16-bit) polynomial is x16+x15+x2+1

The corresponding check bits column 1 1000 0000 0000 0101, but this is 17, ah, I how and 16 bits of information to different or AH? Not the highest bit of 1

You don't understand the meaning of CRC.
The 17 bits are followed by 16 zeros and then started or calculated. Total 33 bits.
Before and after the operation, a one to come: When this value is 1, take this bit to start the next 16-bit and check polynomial XOR, the result is replaced by the corresponding 16-bit value; When this bit number is 0, skip.
The first 17 are finished (in fact, they are cleared), the remaining 16 is the CRC check value.

Suppose the resulting polynomial is: G (X) =x16+x15+x2+1, how many bits does it produce?

The CRC-16 standard specifies that the generated polynomial is g (x) =x16+x15+x2+1, which produces a check code of 16 bits, and the action taken after the receiver finds an error is to automatically request a re-send.
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CRC (16-bit) polynomial is x16+x15+x2+1