Create FreeBSD Desktop Systems (1)

FreeBSD has been the focus of an excellent network operating system since its release, but its overly professional operations and lack of desktop-oriented application support have shut down many users. But with the growing richness of desktop software under Linux, and GCC's superior porting capabilities, many Linux apps can be ported to the FreeBSD platform with little or no minor modifications, such as XFREE86, KDE, GNOME, Open Office, Gimp , XMMS ...

Some readers may think: although there are many software support, but for domestic users, the current FreeBSD operating system used to do day-to-day work is a bit far-fetched, not because of other reasons, because FreeBSD in Chinese support problems. But is that really the case? The following author will be based on their own practical experience, to FreeBSD 4.9 as an example of the use of FreeBSD to do desktop system steps and methods. Of course, for ordinary users, want to use FreeBSD for daily work, build a beautiful and practical desktop environment, and solve FreeBSD in Chinese display and input aspects of the problem, should be the first to solve the problem. So this paper is divided into two parts, the first part introduces the establishment of FreeBSD graphical interface and solves the problem of displaying and inputting Chinese; the second part introduces the common application software of FreeBSD.

Conventions:

1. You have installed base system and enabled your machine to connect to the Internet.

2. All of the software in this article is installed in ports mode, so please read this article before updating your ports tree.

The first part of the establishment of all Chinese desktop environment

I. Installation and configuration of XFREE86

To create a desktop environment, you must first install XFREE86. Before you install XFREE86, you need to decide which version to install. XFree86 3.X is XFree86 is a branch version of XFREE86 development. It is very stable and supports multiple types of graphics cards, but it is not updated now. The XFree86 4.X is a fully redesigned branch with many new features, such as better support for a variety of fonts. So at present this article takes the XFree86 4.X as an example to carry on the introduction, executes the following command installs XFree86.

　　#cd /usr/ports/x11/XFree86-4
　　#make install clean

The configuration is started after the XFREE86 is installed. Before you start configuring XFREE86, you must know some information about the local system, including the display's specifications, the graphics chip type, and the size of the video memory. There are several steps to configuring XFREE86:

　　#XFree86 -configure

Generates an initialization configuration file Xf86config.new in the current directory.

　　#XFree86 -xf86config XF86Config.new

Test that the configuration file is normal, and if the graphical interface and X-shaped mouse pointer indicate a successful configuration, press the "Ctrl+alt+backspace" key combination to return to the console.

　　#ee XF86Config.new

Open the Xf86config.new file with the EE editor and configure the display default resolution and color depth, which is defined by the "screen" statement:

　　Section "Screen"
　　Identifier "Screen0"
　　Device "Card0"
　　Monitor "Monitor0"
　　DefaultColorDepth 16
　　SubSection "Display"
　　Depth 16
　　Modes "1024x768"
　　EndSubSection
　　EndSection

In the above line statement, the DEFAULTCOLORDEPTH keyword defines the default color depth of the display. The Modes keyword defines the screen resolution for a given color depth. In the above example, the default color depth is 16-bit color, in this color mode, the acceptable resolution is 1024x768.

Finally, use this modified configuration file to test (Run command xfree86-xf86config xf86config.new). If everything works, the profile needs to be stored where XFree86 can find it, and the default path is/etc/x11/xf86config.

　　#cp XF86Config.new /etc/X11/XF86Config

Once the configuration file is stored in the specified location, the XFREE86 configuration is done!

Second, the installation of GNOME Graphics desktop environment

Gnome and KDE are graphics desktop environment, you can choose to install one of them as the default graphics desktop, you can also install both, after installation you can decide which desktop to use. Gnome is a powerful graphical desktop environment that includes a panel (for starting applications and status displays), a desktop (placing data and applications), multiple window managers (controlling desktop appearance and personal preferences), and a set of standard desktop work and applications. GNOME allows you to set the desktop look and feel, and the Gnome private manager remembers the settings and the current application, as shown in Figure 1. The following is an example of the installation and configuration process for gnome.

Figure 1

Run the following command to install Gnome from ports.

　　#cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2
　　#make install clean

Once GNOME is installed, you must define GNOME as the default window manager, which is simple enough to create a file named. xinitrc in the current user's home directory.

　　#echo "/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session" >> ~/.xinitrc

Next, type the STARTX command, and the GNOME desktop environment can be started.

Third, Gnome Landscaping

This section mainly discusses the FreeBSD of basic Chinese, the fuzzy font, the Chinese display of Windows partition, XMMS and other GTK Programs menu and other Chinese display, Input Method FCITX installation.

1.Locale setting

Modify the/etc/profile file in which to add:

　　LANG=zh_CN.eucCN
　　LC_ALL=zh_CN.eucCN
　　export LANG LC_ALL

Then login again, type STARTX command into the GNOME environment, you can see the GNOME desktop environment has been completely culture, but the Chinese font is not very beautiful, this is mainly because of the problem of Chinese font files, the following we borrow windows in the "XXFarEastFont-Arial" and "Tahoma" These two fonts to beautify gnome.

2. Set fonts

(1) Build a folder named system under/usr, and then build a folder fonts in it, which commands the following:

　　#cd /usr
　　#mkdir system
　　#cd system
　　#mkdir fonts

(2) Copy the following font file from Windows Fonts directory to/usr/system/fonts, pay special attention to the case of font file name, the following font file name is lowercase:

　　simsun.ttf /如果是simsun.ttc改名成simsun.ttf
　　tahomabd.ttf
　　tahoma.ttf
　　mingliu.ttf /加入繁体字库可以使繁体字更漂亮